Defectos del anglese

Defects of the English
Defectos del anglese

Obviemente il es desirabile que nulle lingua ethnic ha un position del "lingua franca" in Europa. Le Union Europee es ja un alliantia de statos soveran, libere e equal. Le anglese es particularmente improprie como lingua commun pro cosas practic proque su phonemas non corresponde ben le practica de quasi omne nationes europee que se basa al legato de latino. On non pote presentar del toto un vaste parte de nomines europee in anglese. E in anglese prevale un chaos total inter le phonemas e graphemas.
Ver, le anglese es totevia un grande lingua cultural. Sed a causa de su imprecision le anglese, su idiomas special, peculiaritates in le pronunciation etc. imbracia su usator totalmente. Anglese como sol lingua commun esserea un periculo a altere linguas ethnic, illo es un "killer language" - lingua occisor.
Nulle lingua ethnic es perfecte, omne linguas son plus o minus defective. Sed le anglese ha defectos particularmente grave - illo e.g. usa 1100 manieras differente pro symbolisar su approximamente 40 phonemas. Naturalmente, nonobstante, le anglese es un grande lingua cultural (non oblida Shakespeare ...!). Sed illo servi ben solmente le nationes que ha anglese como lingua materne. Pro nationes del Europa continental anglese como lingua franca stuprarea su anima.
Como lingua del Regno Unite e Eire le anglese ha un placia inter le linguas europee, sed solmente como un lingua equal inter equales.
- Vamos usar interlingua in communication intraeuropee!
- Vamos usar nostre linguas national in altere cosas e relegar le linguas granfraternal a lor position
proprie: equal inter equales, non plus, non minus!
- "Unite e equal in le diversitate!" es le motto del Union Europee.

Le statotuniteses, mesmo alicun eminente interlinguistas statounitese, de tempore in tempore parla deridente - appellante lo donquijotismo - de un idea del alicun altere lingua, quam anglese, como lingua franca (= lingua commun pro cosas practic). Paradoxica- e ironicamente interlingua era principalmente un creation statounitese, benque al developpamente de illo participava etiam multe remarcabile linguistas europee. In 1945 e mesmo in 1951 le administration del IALA (International Auxiliar Language Association) que in 1924-1951 creava interlingua in un grande projecto international, consisteva solmente de statouniteses, inter illes personas multo eminente. Vide, per favor:
- Personas eminente detra le creation de interlingua
- Directores de IALA in 1951
- Directores de IALA in 1951 / Thomas J. Watson
- H. Osborn e LeRoy E. Bowman).
Le "victoria" del anglese como lingua franca in Europa forsan non es assi certe que multe personas crede. Hodie ca. 80 % del population europee (incluse Turchia) oppone le politica statounitese, mesmo in Finlandia, que era solmente ante alicun annos appellate como "pais le plus american in Europa".
Le Union Europee suffre considerabilemente de facto que le registration de un europatente es sex vices plus costose quam registration un patente in le Statos Unite. Le causa a alte costos in Europa es le demanda que le patente debe esser translate a tote le linguas official del Union Europee. Sr Romano Prodi, le ex-presidente del Commission Europee, proponeva que le sol lingua official de europatentes esserea anglese. Francia e Germania furiosemente opponeva iste suggestion que significarea beneficios economic immediate - sed esserea un colpo contra le anima europee.
Le Union Europee es menaciate per tres alternativos:
(1) Anglese como le sol lingua franca
(2) "Le non-sacre triumvirato de tres hegemonistic linguas granfraternal" (anglese-francese-germano)
(3) Le (etiam non-sacre) duumvirato de francese e germano.
Scripte es: "Lingua es poter!". On demanda proque deberea paises como Italia, Espania, Polonia e Romania (in futuro forsan etiam Turchia e Ukraina) acceptar le hegemonia lingual de 1, 2 o 3 paises? Francia e Germania abhorre le hegemonia del anglese. Post que Francia manovrava se foras de "nucleo dur" del Union Europee con su rejection del Constitution Europee in le referendum on parla in Francia super le "catastropho anglese", i.e. le deterioration de position del francese in relation al anglese va probabilemente accelerar ulteriormente in le Union. Si le alternativo a un lingua neutral (interlingua) es le hegemonia del anglese, forsan le prospectos pro interlingua non son tanto "quijotic".
Mesmo tal petras fundamental del cultura statounitese, como MacDonalds e Coca Cola treme in Europa. On dice de un epidemia de obesitate e diabetes (e.g. in Finlandia on ha comenciate de trovar diabetes "B" - un maladia de "vetulos" - mesmo in juvenes sub 20 annos del etate).
Mesmo le britones ipse admitte le defectos in lor lingua:

CASSELL. Concise English Dictionary. London 1994. 10. The alphabet. 11. The history of English spelling

10. The alphabet
The sounds of spoken language are represented in writing by means of symbols known as the letters of the alphabet. In a perfect alphabet, every letter would be a phonetic symbol representing one sound and one only, and each sound would have its appropriate symbol. Judged by this standard, the English alphabet is obviously defective.
(a) The same symbol may represent many different sounds; e.g.
"a" in rat (rÄt), tall (tOOl), many (mEni), mane (mEIn), want (wOnt), bare (bEör)
(b) The same sound may be represented by various symbols, e.g.
hit (hIt), nymph (nImf), busy (bIzI), women (wImIn), sieve (sIv) fate (fEIt), champagne (shämpEIn), pail (pEIl), vein (vEIn), they (thEI), reign (rEIn), gauge (gEIdzh), dahlia (dEIliö), steak (stEIk), gaol (dzhEIl)
(All these words contain the vowel sound of hit).
In pointing out the deficiencies of the English alphabet, we are really calling attention to the fact that modern English spelling is not phonetic; that is, it does not accurately and consistently represent the sounds of speech.. The spelling of Old English was very nearly phonetic. How is it, then, that the spelling of today is so defective as a symbolic representation of the spoken language?
11. The history of English spelling
The answer is, briefly, that modern spelling was fixed in the fifteenth century, and, so far as it represents any pronunciation at all, it represents the pronunciation of that century. Before that time the scribes had observed no uniformity in the matter of spelling, but when printing was invented and books began to multiply, it was found necessary to adhere to some definite system. Thus, the early printers produced a system of spelling which has persisted, with few changes, ever since. When it is added that English pronunciation has undergone many and far-reaching chances since Caxton's time, one reason for the lack of correspondence between the written word and the spoken sound will become clear.

A further reason for the chaotic state of modern English spelling is to be found in the fact that even as early as the fifteenth century there were many anomalies, due largely to French scribes who had introduced symbols from their own language to represent English sounds.

Further confusion resulted from the attempts to make the spelling of certain words indicate their etymology. The Norman-French words dette and doute, for example, retained this spelling when they were first introduced. They were later written debt (det) and doubt (daut) in order show their connection with the Latin debitum and dubitum. The b has never been pronounced.
10. Le alphabeto.
Le sonos de un lingua parlate son representate in scriptura con symbolos cognite como letteras del alphabeto. In un alphabeto perfecte, omne lettera es un symbolo phonetic que representa un e sol un sono, e omne sono ha su symbolo appropriate. Judicate per iste standard, le alphabeto anglese es obviemente defective.
(a) Le mesme symbolo pote representar plure sonos differente; e.g.
"a" in rat (rÄt), tall (tOOl), many (mEni), mane (mEIn), want (wOnt), bare (bEör)
(b) Le mesme sono pote esser representate per varie symbolos, e.g.
hit (hIt), nymph (nImf), busy (bIzI), women (wImIn), sieve (sIv) fate (fEIt), champagne (shämpEIn), pail (pEIl), vein (vEIn), they (thEI), reign (rEIn), gauge (gEIdzh), dahlia (dEIliö), steak (stEIk), gaol (dzhEIl)
(Omne iste parolas contine le sono vocal de hit)
Monstrante le deficientias del alphabeto anglese nos actualmente releva al facto que le orthographia del anglese moderne non es phonetic; i.e. illo non representa accuratemente e consistentemente le sonos de parlar. Le orthographia de anglese ancian era quasi phonetic. Como sta, que le orthographia recente es tanto defective como representation del lingua parlate?

11. Le historia del orthographia anglese
Le responsa es, brevemente, que le orthographia moderne era fixate in le dece-quinte seculo, e, in tanto que illo representa ulle pronunciation del toto, illo representa le pronunciation de iste seculo. Ante ille periodo le scriptura ha observate nulle uniformitate con le orthographia, sed quando imprimeria era inventate e libros comenciava apparer in quantitates, on trovava lo necessari a adherer a alicun systema definite. Tunc, le prime imprimitores produceva un systema de orthographia que ha persistite con pauc cambiamentos desde illo. Quando on adde que le pronunciation anglese ha suffrite multe cambiamentos de grande portata desde le era de Caxton, un ration pro le carentia de correspondentia inter le texto scripte e le sono parlate va devenir clar.
Un additional ration pro le stato chaotic del orthographia de anglese moderne es trovabile in le facto que mesmo ante tanto longe que in le dece-quinte seculo il habeva multe anomalias, gratias a scriptura francese que habeva introducte symbolos ex lor proprie lingua pro presentar sonos anglese.
Additional confusion resultava ex le tentativas de facer le orthographia de certe parolas indicar lor etymologia. Le parolas norman-francese dette e doute, pro exemplo, reteneva iste orthographia quando illos era initialmente introducte. Illos era plus tarde scripte debt (det) e doubt (daut) pro demonstrar lor connexion con le latin debitum e dubitum. Le b es nunquam essite pronunciate.

Hodie quando le populos europee ha un chance e mesmo le obligation a seliger le lingua, que on va usar in le communication international intra-europee, pro que nos seligerea le anglese, un lingua que mesmo le angleses ipse considera como
. . "obviously defective", mesmo
. . "so defective",
. . "not phonetic",
. . "not accurately and consistently representing the sounds of speech",
. . "perhaps not representing any pronunciation at all",
. . "being in a chaotic state",
. . "containing many anomalies and further confusion"
quando nos pote seliger un lingua belle e melodic, INTERLINGUA, que ha nulle de defectos que son mentionate supra?
Nyt kun Euroopan kansoilla on mahdollisuus ja suorastaan pakkokin valita se kieli, jota kansainvälisessä intra-eurooppalaisessa kommunikaatiossa tullaan käyttämään, miksi valitsisimme englannin, kielen, joka on englantilaisten itsensäkin mielestä
. . "obviously defective", jopa
. . "so defective",
. . "not phonetic",
. . "not accurately and consistently representing the sounds of speech",
. . "perhaps not representing any pronunciation at all",
. . "being in a chaoticchaotic state",
. . "containing many anomalies and further confusion"
kun valittavissa on kaunis ja melodinen kieli, INTERLINGUA, jossa ei ole ainoatakaan edellä mainituista vioista?

Vamos dar a Europa un anima, un lingua europee - interlingua!

Actualisate le 2005-07-28

Administrator de iste sito:
--------------------------
Allan Kiviaho
SILY - Suomen Interlinguayhdistys ry.
FILF - Föreningen för Interlingua i Finland
AFIL - Association Finlandese pro Interlingua
Kivimäentie 16 E. FIN-01620 VANTAA. Finlandia

CASSELL. Concise English Dictionary. London 1994. 10. The alphabet. 11. The history of English spelling
10. The alphabet The sounds of spoken language are represented in writing by means of symbols known as the letters of the alphabet. In a perfect alphabet, every letter would be a phonetic symbol representing one sound and one only, and each sound would have its appropriate symbol. Judged by this standard, the English alphabet is obviously defective. (a) The same symbol may represent many different sounds; e.g. "a" in rat (rÄt), tall (tOOl), many (mEni), mane (mEIn), want (wOnt), bare (bEör) (b) The same sound may be represented by various symbols, e.g. hit (hIt), nymph (nImf), busy (bIzI), women (wImIn), sieve (sIv) fate (fEIt), champagne (shämpEIn), pail (pEIl), vein (vEIn), they (thEI), reign (rEIn), gauge (gEIdzh), dahlia (dEIliö), steak (stEIk), gaol (dzhEIl) (All these words contain the vowel sound of hit). In pointing out the deficiencies of the English alphabet, we are really calling attention to the fact that modern English spelling is not phonetic; that is, it does not accurately and consistently represent the sounds of speech.. The spelling of Old English was very nearly phonetic. How is it, then, that the spelling of today is so defective as a symbolic representation of the spoken language? 11. The history of English spelling The answer is, briefly, that modern spelling was fixed in the fifteenth century, and, so far as it represents any pronunciation at all, it represents the pronunciation of that century. Before that time the scribes had observed no uniformity in the matter of spelling, but when printing was invented and books began to multiply, it was found necessary to adhere to some definite system. Thus, the early printers produced a system of spelling which has persisted, with few changes, ever since. When it is added that English pronunciation has undergone many and far-reaching chances since Caxton's time, one reason for the lack of correspondence between the written word and the spoken sound will become clear. A further reason for the chaotic state of modern English spelling is to be found in the fact that even as early as the fifteenth century there were many anomalies, due largely to French scribes who had introduced symbols from their own language to represent English sounds. Further confusion resulted from the attempts to make the spelling of certain words indicate their etymology. The Norman-French words dette and doute, for example, retained this spelling when they were first introduced. They were later written debt (det) and doubt (daut) in order show their connection with the Latin debitum and dubitum. The b has never been pronounced.	10. Le alphabeto. Le sonos de un lingua parlate son representate in scriptura con symbolos cognite como letteras del alphabeto. In un alphabeto perfecte, omne lettera es un symbolo phonetic que representa un e sol un sono, e omne sono ha su symbolo appropriate. Judicate per iste standard, le alphabeto anglese es obviemente defective. (a) Le mesme symbolo pote representar plure sonos differente; e.g. "a" in rat (rÄt), tall (tOOl), many (mEni), mane (mEIn), want (wOnt), bare (bEör) (b) Le mesme sono pote esser representate per varie symbolos, e.g. hit (hIt), nymph (nImf), busy (bIzI), women (wImIn), sieve (sIv) fate (fEIt), champagne (shämpEIn), pail (pEIl), vein (vEIn), they (thEI), reign (rEIn), gauge (gEIdzh), dahlia (dEIliö), steak (stEIk), gaol (dzhEIl) (Omne iste parolas contine le sono vocal de hit) Monstrante le deficientias del alphabeto anglese nos actualmente releva al facto que le orthographia del anglese moderne non es phonetic; i.e. illo non representa accuratemente e consistentemente le sonos de parlar. Le orthographia de anglese ancian era quasi phonetic. Como sta, que le orthographia recente es tanto defective como representation del lingua parlate? 11. Le historia del orthographia anglese Le responsa es, brevemente, que le orthographia moderne era fixate in le dece-quinte seculo, e, in tanto que illo representa ulle pronunciation del toto, illo representa le pronunciation de iste seculo. Ante ille periodo le scriptura ha observate nulle uniformitate con le orthographia, sed quando imprimeria era inventate e libros comenciava apparer in quantitates, on trovava lo necessari a adherer a alicun systema definite. Tunc, le prime imprimitores produceva un systema de orthographia que ha persistite con pauc cambiamentos desde illo. Quando on adde que le pronunciation anglese ha suffrite multe cambiamentos de grande portata desde le era de Caxton, un ration pro le carentia de correspondentia inter le texto scripte e le sono parlate va devenir clar. Un additional ration pro le stato chaotic del orthographia de anglese moderne es trovabile in le facto que mesmo ante tanto longe que in le dece-quinte seculo il habeva multe anomalias, gratias a scriptura francese que habeva introducte symbolos ex lor proprie lingua pro presentar sonos anglese. Additional confusion resultava ex le tentativas de facer le orthographia de certe parolas indicar lor etymologia. Le parolas norman-francese dette e doute, pro exemplo, reteneva iste orthographia quando illos era initialmente introducte. Illos era plus tarde scripte debt (det) e doubt (daut) pro demonstrar lor connexion con le latin debitum e dubitum. Le b es nunquam essite pronunciate.
Hodie quando le populos europee ha un chance e mesmo le obligation a seliger le lingua, que on va usar in le communication international intra-europee, pro que nos seligerea le anglese, un lingua que mesmo le angleses ipse considera como . . "obviously defective", mesmo . . "so defective", . . "not phonetic", . . "not accurately and consistently representing the sounds of speech", . . "perhaps not representing any pronunciation at all", . . "being in a chaotic state", . . "containing many anomalies and further confusion" quando nos pote seliger un lingua belle e melodic, INTERLINGUA, que ha nulle de defectos que son mentionate supra? Nyt kun Euroopan kansoilla on mahdollisuus ja suorastaan pakkokin valita se kieli, jota kansainvälisessä intra-eurooppalaisessa kommunikaatiossa tullaan käyttämään, miksi valitsisimme englannin, kielen, joka on englantilaisten itsensäkin mielestä . . "obviously defective", jopa . . "so defective", . . "not phonetic", . . "not accurately and consistently representing the sounds of speech", . . "perhaps not representing any pronunciation at all", . . "being in a chaoticchaotic state", . . "containing many anomalies and further confusion" kun valittavissa on kaunis ja melodinen kieli, INTERLINGUA, jossa ei ole ainoatakaan edellä mainituista vioista?