UNION PANEUROPEE

Otto von Habsburg

Alexander Gode-von Aesch

UNION MUNDIAL PRO INTERLINGUA

PANEUROPA - INTERLINGUA I867. Edgar de Wahl studiava in gymnasio e universitate in Sankt Peterburg. Ille era un grande talanto linguistic. Jam in su infantia ille parlava germano, russo, estoniano e francese, in le schola ille studiava latino e greco e in le universitate espaniol. P889. Le patre de Hjalmar J. Procopé era general-major Albert P. Le matre de H.J.P. era Elin Hedvig Wendla von Törne, cuje granpatre maternal era lieutenant-colonnello von Törne, qui Johan Ludvig Runeberg, le poeta national de Finlandia (autor del anthema national de Finlandia), glorifica in su obra epic super le guerra russo-finlandese (1808-09): In svedese:     Von Törne, vet du, var en äkta finne,     en gammal, knotig björk med masur inne In finnese:     Von Törne oli mies suomalainen juurta juurevinta,     kuin vanha visarunko rustopinta In interlingua:     Von Törne, sape tu, era un genuin finno,     un betula vetere, nodose; intra lupoide ligno Hjalmar J. Procopé era un proxime amico del conte Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi e fundator del Union Paneuropee de Finlandia (Suomen Paneurooppalainen Liitto). Un de su ancestores era Peter Tomasson (1600-79) qui studiava a prestre al Academia de Turku (le presidente del Union Paneuropee, archiduce dr. Otto von Habsburg es promovite a doctor h.c. al Universitate de Turku como etiam professor André Martinet, le penultime director del recerca al IALA, que developpava le Interlingua. Peter Tomasson cambiava su nomine al Petrus Procopaeus - al nomine latin, le ancestor de Interlingua ...     Hjalmar J. Procopé era ministro de commercia e industria 1920-21, ministro de affaires estranier 1924-25 e 1927-31, ambassador in Warszawa 1926-27 e in Washington 1938-44.     In primavera 2002 Otto von Habsburg narrava in Turku, Finlandia, que ille incontrava sovente Hjalmar J. Procopé in le SUA, ubi "ille habeva un carga desperate quando le relationes diplomatic inter le SUA e Finlandia deveniva plus e plus pejor culminante al collapso final". P03. Post que le familia de Coudenhove-Kalergi habeva retornate a Europa illes habitava in le castello de Ronsberg (Pobêzhovice in czech) in Bohemia (Czechia), presso le frontiera de Bavaria. Le castello es nunc (2001) partialmente restaurate e illo contine le centro de information del Union Paneuropee. A Ronsberg es etiam le tumba del conte Heinrich Coudenhove-Kalergi, le patre de Richard C-K.     Le castello de Ronsberg era sovente visitate per diplomatos japonese. Un die in 1903 veniva le episcopo de Hakodate, un missionario francese. Heinrich C-K habeva invitate etiam le prestre de Ronsberg al castello. Al initio le discussion era inhabile proque le episcopo maestrava solmente francese e japonese, le prestre solmente czecho e germano. Iste problema era tosto superate con le antiquissime "esperanto" del ecclesia catholic, le latino. I03. Un specimen del Latino sine flexione: "Patre nostro, qui es in celos, que tuo nomine fi sanctificato; que tuo regno adveni, que tua voluntate es facta sicut in terra et in celo. Da hodie ad nos nostro pane quotidiano. Et remitte ad nos nostros debitos, sicut et nos remitte ad nostros debitores. Et non induce nos in tentationes, sed libera nos ab malo."     Le mesmo in Interlingua, un altere lingua auxiliar naturalistic, que era publicate 48 annos plus tarde: "Patre nostre, qui es in le celos, que tu nomine sia sanctificate; que tu regno adveni, que tu voluntate sia facte sicut in le terra e in le celo. Da hodie a nos nostre pan quotidian, e remitte a nos nostre debitas sicut e nos remitte a nostre debitores, e non induce nos in tentationes, sed libera nos ab le mal."     Le Paternoster appare in Esperanto, un lingua schematic, bastante innatural: "Patro nia, kiu estas en la cxielo, sankta estu via nomo, venu regeco via, estu volo via, tiel en la cxielo, tiel ankaû sur la tero. Panon nian cxiutagan donu al ni hodiaû, kaj pardonu al ni sxuldojn niajn, kiel ni ankaû pardonas al niaj sxuldantoj, kaj ne konduku nin en la tenton, sed liberigu nin de la malbono." I22. Edgar de Wahl era super toto un campion de un natural lingua international, como adversarios le gruppo de linguas artificial, volapük e esperanto como exemplos typic.     Quando Occidental era publicate in 1922, de Wahl presentava:     "Le cosa es me clar: O bolchevismo conquera e con illo etiam le nove cultura de Esperanto, o le bolchevismo non conquera, e ergo le complicate linguas neolatin, que conserva le elementos de cultura europee de duo millennios, va triumphar". I23B. Dr. Cottrell proponeva a Sra. Alice V. Morris e su sposa le idea de crear un gruppo permanente que poterea continuar le studios que habeva essite comenciate per varie committees. Le ambes habeva essite active in varie organisationes concernente le melioration de conditiones del societate human, e illes videva immediatemente le significantia de un lingua international como medios pro developpar un communitate international que pareva esser un sperantia possibile. Illes convocava in 1923 homines e feminas de large experientia in affaires international, communication e scholarships linguistic a discuter que on poteva facer pro focalisar attention al jam ben establite movimento pro un lingua international.     Le gruppo includeva: Decano Earle B. Babcock, prime presidente del IALA (1924-36), New York University; Dr. LeRoy E. Bowman, Columbia University; General John T. Carty, Vice-Presidente, American Telephone & Telegraph Company; Sra. James S. Cushman, World's Committee, Young Women's Christian Association; Dr. Stephen Duggan, tertie e ultime presidente del IALA (1940-50), Director, Institute of International Education; Sr. Harry E. Edmonds, Founder, International House, New York; Dr. John H. Finley, secunde presidente del IALA (1936-40), Editor, New York Times; Dr. Alfred N. Goldsmith, Radio Corporation of America; Dr. Arthur Hamerschlag, Presidente, Research Corporation; Sr. e Dra. John H. Hammond; General James G. Harbord, Presidente, Radio Corporation of America; Clarence Howard, Presidente, International Chamber of Commerce; Dr. Frederick P. Keppel, Presidente (1923-41) del Carnegie Corporation; Sra. James Lees Laidlaw, Woman's Council for the League of Nations; Dr. Sidney E. Mezes, Presidente, College of the City of New York; Dr. Arthur E. Morgan, Presidente, Antioch College; Dr. Herbert N. Stanton, Columbia University; Sra. William Jay Schieffelin; Sta. Clara B. Spence, Principal, Miss Spence's School; e Mrs. Charles L. Tiffany, New York League of Women Voters. P24F. In su brochure "Pazifismus" Coudenhove-Kalergi scribeva: "Le plus grande mal del pacifismo son le pacifistas".

P25B. Stephen P. Duggan, Sr. 1925 le presidente del American Cooperative Committee of the Pan-European Union (de novo active in 1940 quando conte Coudenhove-Kalergi veniva al Statos Unite como refugiato - chassate per Gestapo) e 1940-50 le ultime presidente del IALA (International Auxiliary Language Association), que developpava interlingua, durante le final e decisive phase de iste association. Ille era un persona remarcabile in le historia del Statos Unite.

Professor del scientia politic al College of the City of New York Stephen P. Duggan era le prime presidente del IIE (Institute of International Education) que era establite in 1919, per ille, Nicholas Murray Butler, presidente del Columbia University e Elihu Root, previe secretario del stato. In 1994 IIE faceva 75 annos. Le committee honorari de iste celebration consisteva de: Presidente del Statos Unite de America Bill Clinton, ex-presidentes George H.W. Bush, Ronald Reagan, Jimmy Carter e Gerald R. Ford. Inter le vice-presidentes del committee honorari era i.a. ex-vice-presidentes del SUA et alii: Lawrence S. Eagleburger, James A. Baker III, George P. Shultz, Alexander M. Haig Jr., Edmund S. Muskie, Cyrus R. Vance, Henry A. Kissinger, William P. Rogers e Dean Rusk. Co-presidentes del 75e anniversario: Victor J. Goldberg e Diane J. Baton. Le vespere del octobre 1994 IIE arrangiava dinar beneficiar de gala como le culmination del celebration. Presidente de Irlanda Mary Robinson recipeva le premio de Stephen P. Duggan, Sr., nominate pro le fundator e prime presidente del IIE, pro su contributiones a accordo international. Cyrus R. Vance, previe secretario del stato, faceva le presentation. Iste copia es ex "COLLECTION PRO INTERLINGUA C9". Interlingua die Weltsprache (Interlingua, le lingua mundial). Ric Berger. Edition Interlingua, Morges, Helvetia 1972, pagina 50 Stephen Duggan. Director del Institute pro Education International. 3e presidente del IALA desde 1941 (1940!?). Nasceva in 1870 in New York, passava omne grados academic usque professura del scientias politic al College de New York.              • IIE Honors Frances Humphrey Howard with the Duggan Award for International Understanding              • Former President Jimmy Carter Points to Greatest Challenge of the Next Millenium INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION HONORS FRANCES HUMPHREY HOWARD WITH THE DUGGAN AWARD FOR INTERNATIONAL UNDERSTANDING Washington, D.C. — July 19, 1999 — The Board of Trustees of the Institute of International Education (IIE) has recently honored Mrs. Frances Humphrey Howard, the sister of the late Senator and Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey, with the Duggan Award for International Understanding. In presenting the awards, the Institute's president and CEO, Allan Goodman, said, "We are delighted to be able to recognize the significant contributions that Frances Humphrey Howard has made toward increasing understanding and ties between citizens of the United States and those of other nations. In today's interconnected world, it is more important than ever to have a work force with a global perspective and citizens with experience in living and studying in other countries. We applaud Mrs. Howard for her commitment to international education, and we are proud to join with her in this important work through IIE's role in administering the Humphrey Program, which is one of the government's flagship educational exchange initiatives." In accepting the award, Mrs. Howard reflected on the legacy of her brother, "The Humphrey Fellowship Program is a wonderful living forum for my brother's legacy. This is the perfect memorial to his life and work in public service around the world." The award ceremony was part of the Humphrey Fellowship Program's 20th Anniversary Conference, at which Former President Jimmy Carter, who had inaugurated the program, delivered the keynote address. In nearly 40 years of Federal service, Mrs. Howard has served as an integral part of the National Library of Medicine, and earlier as a Foreign Service Officer at the Department of State and the U.S. Agency for International Development. She also proudly remembers working during World War II with Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt in the National Office of Civil Defense. During her time with the U.S. Agency for International Development and the Office on the War On Hunger she made over 75 addresses in a 30-country tour on foreign aid. Entering her 85th year, Mrs. Humphrey continues to work at the National Library of Medicine and remains active in the political and cultural life of Washington, D.C. In addition to receiving her own award, Mrs. Howard also presented three Humphrey Fellowship alumni with the first Frances Humphrey Howard Awards for Leadership and Public Service. The three honorees were Ms. Eun-Kyung Suh of Korea (a 1986–87 Humphrey Fellow at Cornell University), Dr. Ram Sharan Mahat of Nepal (1987–88, American University) and Ms. Amy Kabwe of Zambia (1981–82, Cornell University). The Duggan Award was named after the Institute's first president, Stephen P. Duggan, Sr., a distinguished professor of diplomatic history, who founded the Institute in 1919, together with Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Elihu Root and Nicholas Murray Butler, who himself received the Nobel Prize in 1931. The Humphrey Fellowship Program, a Fulbright exchange activity, was a White House initiative in 1979 under President Carter aimed at providing professional development and leadership building to mid-level professionals of developing nations. Since it began, over 2,500 mid-career professionals from more than 140 countries have come to the U.S. for a year of study and related professional experience. The steady stream of Humphrey Fellows who have now assumed prominent positions in their home countries is evidence that person-to-person exchanges are an essential base upon which economic prosperity and global peace are built. FORMER PRESIDENT JIMMY CARTER POINTS TO GREATEST CHALLENGE OF THE NEXT MILLENNIUM Washington D.C. — June 17, 1999 — The greatest challenge of the next millennium is the growing gap between the rich and the poor," said Former President Jimmy Carter addressing the over four hundred participants at the 20th Anniversary Conference of the Hubert Humphrey Fellowship Program, Thursday afternoon at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Washington D.C. The difference, President Carter told his audience, has gone from 9 to 1 in 1950, to reach 65 to 1 today, with an overwhelming number of people living on less than one dollar a day. Mr. Carter described the rich as those of us who enjoy decent health care, homes, food and education among amenities, and equated poverty to their absence and to the absence of law protection. Former President Carter praised the accomplishments of Former Vice-President Hubert Humphrey whose life was dedicated to promoting progress, breaking down barriers, ending and preventing wars and making people understand the crucial role of education. The Hubert Humphrey Fellowship Program was created in 1979, during the Carter Presidency, as a tribute to that dedication. In twenty years, the program, which is administered by the Institute of International Education for the United States Department of State, has brought to the United States over 2,500 mid-career professionals from over 120 countries around the world. One sixth of them are back today in Washington to celebrate that wonderful experience. Former President Carter received a standing ovation from the Humphrey Fellows, both current and alumni, at the beginning and at the end of his speech. The questions raised by the Fellows gave Mr. Carter an opportunity to emphasize the role of civil society in the process of building democracy, another challenge of the upcoming millennium. The Carter Center devotes a great deal of energy toward that goal through the training of human rights activists and the monitoring of elections. Not so long ago this was the case in Nigeria and last Monday in Indonesia, and very soon in Yemen. "The challenge is not insurmountable," former president Carter said, "and the citizens, whether lawyers, students, or farmers, should realize that they have a great role to play. They should know," Mr Carter said, "that united they can make a difference, not only on election day but every day, by helping people understand and exercise their civil rights." He added that non-governmental volunteers must be involved in the protection of human rights. The Institute of International Education is the global leader in the exchange of people and ideas. IIE also administers the Fulbright Student and Scholar Programs, which were created in 1946 to foster mutual understanding among nations through educational and cultural exchanges. All three programs are sponsored by the United States Department of State, in cooperation with U.S. embassies and binational Fulbright Commissions in countries around the world. For additional information, see www.iie.org, and for the Humphrey Program, www.iie.org/pgms/hhh. © Institute of International Education

P26A. Le sala del conferentia era decorate con picturas de grande paneuropeos de eras passate: Carolo Magne, Sully, Komensky, le Abbé de St. Pierre, Kant, Napoleon, Victor Hugo, Mazzini e Nietzsche. Le directores del delegation francese era Yvon Delbos, illo de Germania Paul Loebe, le Reichskanzler e dr. Wirth, un ex-Reichskanzler, le presidente de Polonia, marechal Pilsudski habeva inviate Alexander Lednicki, le ex-ambassator de Polonia a Moskva, le director del delegation de Yugoslavia era Koroszec, un posterior prime ministro, illo de Grecia de Nicola Politis, un ex-ministro de affaires estranier e un delegato permanente al Liga de Nationes. Etiam le directores de delegationes de Hungaria, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Estonia e Finlandia (Hjalmar J. Procopé?) era ex-ministros.

P26B. P A N E U R O P A VON RICHARD N. COUDENHOVE-KALERGI 1926 PANEUROPA-VERLAG WIEN - LEIPZIG
XI. WEGE ZU EUROPA 1. PANEUROPAS ENTWICKLUNGSSTUFEN Paneuropäische Verfassung p 142 Es muss in Paneuropa (ebenso wie in Panamerika) der Grundsatz der Gleichberechtigung aller Nationalsprachen herrschen; aus technischen Gründen aber sollten sich alle europäischen Staaten entschliessen, erst an ihren Mittelschulen, dann an ihren Volksschulen die englische Sprache obligatorisch einzuführen. Denn in der aussereuropäischen Welt ist die Entwicklung des Englischen zur internationalen Verkehrssprache unaufhaltsam; es wäre klug von den Europäern, dem Beispiel der Japaner und Chinesen zu folgen und aus dieser Tatsache die praktischen Konsequenzen zu ziehen. Die Rivalität der europäischen Sprachen würde aufhören und die internationale Verständigung wesentlich gefördert werden, wenn jeder Europäer neben seiner Nationalsprache die englische Hilfssprache beherrschen würde. Die leichte Erlernbarkeit der englischen Sprache (die sich freilich einer Reform ihrer Schreibweise unterziehen müsste) und ihre Mittelstellung zwischen der germanischen und romanischen Sprachgruppe bestimmt sie zum natürlichen Esperanto.	XI. VIAS A EUROPA 1. PROGRESSION DEL DEVELOPPAMENTO DE PANEUROPA Constitution paneuropee p 142 In Paneuropa (como etiam in Panamerica) debe prevaler le principio del equalitate de omne linguas national sed de rationes technic omne statos europee deberea se decider a introducer le anglese como branca obligatoric, primo in su scholas secundari, tunc in su scholas elementari. Proque in le mundo extraeuropee le developpamento del anglese al lingua de communication international es irresistibile; il esserea sape al europeos a sequer le exemplo de japoneses e chineses e traher consequentias practic ex iste facto. Le rivalitate del linguas europee vaderea cessar e le intendimento international substantialmente promovite, si cata uno europeo in ultra de su lingua national maestrarea le anglese como le lingua auxiliar. Proque anglese es facile de apprender (on debe totevia reformar su orthographia) e pro su position medie inter le gruppos lingual germanic e romanic face lo al Esperanto natural.
Coudenhove-Kalergi ha propagate pro le anglese etiam in su libro Richard-Coudenhove-Kalergi Von Ewigen Krieg zum Grossen Frieden Musterschmidt-Verlag. Göttingen 1956
Die Fortschritte der Kriegstechnik und der Verkehrstechnik zwingen die Menschheit zum Zusammenschluss.    Demgegenüber bildet die Sprachverwirrung eines der grössten Hindernisse für die Internationale Verständigung und damit für den Weltfrieden.    Das Mittelalter kannte eine internationale Sprache als Gelehrten- und Kirchansprache: die lateinische. Die Neuzeit kannte eine internationale Diplomatensprache: die französische.    Die verschiedenen Versuche, eine künstliche Weltsprache einzuführen, sind gescheitert. Statt dessen hat sich die englische Sprache ohne Zwang zur internationalen Verkehrssprache auf fünf Kontinenten entwickelt.    Hoffentlich wird diese Entwicklung nicht aus politischen Gründen von Russen und Chinesen aufgehalten werden. Denn wenn zunächst alle Gebildeten und dann ein immer weiterer Kreis von Menschen aller Nationen und Rassen neben ihrer Muttersprache englisch verstehen, ist der Fluch der Sprachverwirrung des Turmes von Babel getilgt. Menschen, die sich in gleicher Sprache verständigen, werden sich leichter verstehen.	Le progresso in le technologia militar e de traffico fortia le humanitate unir se.    In contrasto le confusion de linguas face un del plus grande obstaculos del accordo international e con isto del pace mundial.    In medievo il habeva un lingua international de eruditos e del ecclesia: le latino. In era moderne il habeva un lingua international de diplomatos: le francese.    Le varie tentativas de introducer un artificial lingua mundial ha fallite [1]. In vice, le anglese ha sin compulsion developpate a un international lingua de communication in cinque continentes.    Sperabilemente iste developpamento non va retardate, pro motivos politic, per russos e chineses. Proque quando in prime loco omne personas educate e postea un plus e plus extense circulo de gente de omne nationes e racias maestra, in addition a su lingua materne, anglese, le malediction del confusion lingual del turre de Babel es extinguite [2]. Gente qui communica con le unes le alteres in un lingua commun comprende se plus facilemente.
[1] Ironicamente, in 1951 - cinque annos ante le publication del libro de Coudenhove-Kalergi - INTERLINGUA, un lingua international remarcabile habeva essite publicate. Illo era create in 1924-51 como resultato de un grande cooperation de linguistas europee e american. Le organisation detra le interlingua era IALA (International Auxiliary Lingua Association). Le ultime presidente (in 1940-50) del IALA era Stephen P. Duggan, le fundator (1925) e presidente del American Cooperative Committee of the Pan-European Union (de novo active in 1940 quando conte Coudenhove-Kalergi veniva al Statos Unite como refugiato - chassate per Gestapo). Duggan era un proxime amico e collaborator de Coudenhove-Kalergi in le lucta pro un Europa unite e contra le nazismo in Europa.    Ver, conte Coudenhove-Kalergi retornava a Europa in 1946, 4 annos ante le morte de S.P. Duggan. Il esserea multo interessante de recercar si Duggan e Coudenhove-Kalergi habeva unquam discutite super le activitates de IALA. Le IALA era de novo multo active jam in 1945 quando Coudenhove-Kalergi era ancora in New York.    [2] Lege proque anglese NON es apte como lingua commun in Europa!

P28B. Coudenhove-Kalergi: "Le importantia del Liga de Nationes era in le facto que illo offereva le chance al duces europee a contactos personal. Nos visitava iste "club" cata anno. Naturalmente io incontrava cata vice Aristide Briand, "le stella" del Liga de Nationes. Io incontrava etiam le capites del committees national paneuropee, que habeva essite fundate ubicunque. Inter illos on trovava in ultra de Benesz, Titulescu e Politis, Hjalmar Procopé, le juvene ministro de affaires estranier de Finlandia, su collega estonian Pusta, Michalakopoulos ex Grecia e Marinkovic ex Yugoslavia. P28C. Alexis Léger jocava como le chef del cabinetto de Aristide Briand un rolo importante in le historia del Union Paneuropee. Post que Germania habeva occupate Francia in 1940 Alexis Léger escappava a America del sud ubi ille deveniva un nobelista de litteratura, un poeta con nomine St. John Perse! I29. Hofrat Hugo Steiner habeva comenciate colliger material pro su Museo International de Esperanto jam in 1927. Ab 1929 le museo se trovava a Hofburg, le palatio imperial, ubi era etiam le stato major del Union Paneuropee. Le museo ha essite expandite continualmente (excepte 1938-45, quando le activitates del museo era suspendite per rationes politic) e contine hodie 25 000 libros, 2500 magazines, 2000 objectos museal, 13 000 photos, 1100 placatos e 40 000 pamphletos. Le brochure del museo nomina Esperanto e Interlingua como le plus importante linguas planate. http://www.onb.ac.at/sammlungen/plansprachen/ P30B. Le juvene Reichskanzler Hermann Brüning e le ex-Reichskanzler dr. Wirth calidemente supportava le conferentia. Le chef del delegation francese, Louis Loucheur, legeva le memorando de Briand. Discussiones importante super economia paneuropee de Daniel Serruys, Francia e Robert Bosch, Germania. Thomas Mann pronunciava un discurso brillante super le cultura europee. Sed le reaction mundial al memorando de Brian, que Coudenhove-Kalergi teneva como "diluite", era critic. P30D. Hjalmar J. Procopé (in le pictura in Geneva ubi ille alicun vices incontrava Coudenhove-Kalergi) fundava le section finlandese del Union Paneuropee con nomine "Suomen Paneurooppalainen Liitto" (Union Paneuropee de Finlandia) le 1930-05-20. Al incontro fundante in le Domo de Nobilitate participava ca. 80 personas. Procopé era electe a presidente, a vice-presidentes Paavo Virkkunen (presidente del parlamento, ministro de education) e Georg Schauman (bibliothecario in chef del Universitate de Helsinki e presidente del consilio de affaires estranier del parlamento), a membros del consilio Kalle Teodor Jutila (professor, ministro del agricultura e ambassador in Washington 1945-51), Väinö Voionmaa (ministro de affaires estranier 1926-27), Kai Donner (orientalista, recercator del lingua de samoyedos, officiero de chassatores), Johannes öhquist, Urho Toivola, editor in chef de "Turun Sanomat", Lauri Haarla, autor, Jarno Pennanen (un poeta e autor, era electe al secretario del Section Finlandese del Union Paneuropee), famose autores del gruppo "Tulenkantajat" ("Portatores de foco") Olavi Paavolainen e Erkki Vala. Initialmente etiam Eljas Erkko, proprietor de "Helsingin Sanomat", le plus grande jornal finlandese, e ministro de affaires estranier in1939, promitteva a junger se sed plus tarde refusava presentante como excusas "le aspirationes de Germania" e que le Union Paneuropee haberea essite anti-american (que illo absolutemente non era) e attaccava contra le association in su jornal. Inter Erkko e Procopé prevaleva forte antipathia mutual.     In decembre 1930 le movimento paneuropee finlandese se reorganisava con nomine "Suomen Paneurooppalainen Yhdistys" (Association Paneuropee de Finlandia). Le presidente de iste nove association era Eino Kaila, professor, e vice-presidente Bruno Lesch, un historico. Procopé, Haarla, Paavolainen, Pennanen e Virkkunen non era membros in le nove association sed nove membros era i.a. autores Hagar Olsson e Lauri Viljanen.

P30E

P A N E U R O O P P A KIRJOITTANUT RICHARD N. COUDENHOVE-KALERGI SUOMENTANUT WEIKKO PAKARINEN WERNER SöDERSTRöM OSAKEYHTIöN KIRJAPAINOSSA PORVOOSSA 1930 p 140-141 XII. Euroopan tulliliitto. 2. TULLILIITON EDELLYTYKSET Kielikysymys Euroopan monikielisyys ei lainkaan estä eurooppalaisen kansallistunteen syntyä. Tuntevathan Sveitsin ja Intian asukkaatkin itsensä kansoiksi monikielisyydestään huolimatta. Eurooppa on hyvin pian tajuava kulttuuri- ja kohtalonyhteytensä muuhun maailmaan verrattuna huolimatta sitä nyt pirstovasta kielikysymyksestä. Tosin Euroopalle olisi arvaamaton hyöty, jos sen kansat voisivat päättää ottaa aineeksi kaikkiin kansakouluihin äidinkielen rinnalle jonkin yhteistä ymmärtämistä palvelevan kielen. Ensi sijalla tällaisena kielenä tulee kysymykseen englanti. Sillä Euroopan ulkopuolisessa maailmassa se vastustamattomasti kehittyy kansainväliseksi keskinäistä ymmärtämistä välittäväksi kieleksi. Se ei ole ainoastaan molempien määrääväin, maailman kolmannesta hallitsevain maailmanvaltain äidinkieli, vaan myös Aasian ihmismiljardin keskinäinen tulkkikieli. Jos tänään japanilainen, kiinalainen ja intialainen kohtaavat toisensa niin he puhuvat englantia. Miksi eivät huomenna saksalainen, ranskalainen ja italialainen käyttäisi samaa kieltä tulkkinaan? Sillä jos Eurooppa valitsisi itselleen toisen kielen, olisi taas kaksi tulkkikieltä, Euroopalla omansa ja Aasialla englanti. Eurooppalaisten olisi silloin pakko äidinkielensä ohessa oppia kaksi vierasta kieltä. Jos jokainen eurooppalainen oppisi äidinkielensä ohessa englantia, tästä seikasta tulisi lujin side Euroopan ja Amerikan Yhdysvaltain sekä Brittein valtakunnan välille. Molemmat anglosaksiset vallat voisivat tätä kehitystä jouduttaa antamalla siirtolaiskysymyksessä etusijan niille valtioille, jotka kansakouluissaan ottavat opetusaineeksi englannin kielen. Englannin kielen etuna on vielä sen oppimisen helppous ja sen asema germaanisten ja romaanisten kielten välillä.

P A N E U R O P A SCRIPTE RICHARD N. COUDENHOVE-KALERGI TRADUCTE A FINNESE WEIKKO PAKARINEN WERNER SöDERSTRöM OSAKEYHTIö PORVOO 1930 p 140-141 XII. Union doanal de Europa. 2. CONDITIONES DE UN UNION DOANAL Question lingual Le multilingualitate de Europa es nulle obstaculo pro le sentimento national europee. Etiam le habitantes de Suissa e India senti se como nationes despecto su multilingualitate. Europa va multo tosto cognoscer su connexion cultural e le fato con le resto del mundo malgrado le question lingual fragmentante.   Esserea un grande avantagio a Europa, si su nationes poterea adaptar como branca in omne scholas elementari al latere del lingua maternal alicun lingua que servi le comprehension mutual. In prime loco como tal lingua veni a question anglese. Proque illo se irresistibilemente developpa in le mundo a un lingua que media le mutual comprension international. Illo non es solmente le lingua maternal de ambe dominante potentias mundial que controla un tertie del mundo, sed etiam un lingua de interpretation inter le milliardo gente in ASIA. Si hodie un japonese, chinese e indiano se incontra, illes parla anglese. Proque non deman un germano, francese e italiano non usarea le mesme lingua como su interprete? Proque si Europa seligerea pro se un altere lingua, existerea de novo duo linguas de interpretation, in Europa su proprie lingua e in Asia le anglese. Tunc un europeo esserea fortiate a apprender duo linguas estranier ultra su lingua maternal.     Si omne europeo apprenderea anglese ultra su lingua maternal, iste facto devenirea le plus forte banda inter Europa, le Statos Unite de America e le Imperio Britannic. Ambe regnos anglosaxone poterea accelerar iste developpamento per lassante in le question de immigration un position favorate a ille statos que va adaptar le anglese como branca in schola. Un extra avantagio del anglese es que illo es facile a apprender e su position inter le linguas germanic e romanic.

P30F. In 1928 Selma Lagerlöf, la prime membro feminin del Academia Regal de Scientias de Svedia (1914) faceva amicitate con baronessa Henriette "Ette" Coyet, la "regina de Skåne". Illas era enthusiastic de ideas Coudenhove-Kalergi. I30. Iste conferentia attraheva 18 participantes, includente Edgar de Wahl. Giuseppe Peano, Italia, non obteneva permission del governamento de Italia pro lassar su pais. Six linguas auxiliar era usate e tractate. Illo era le prime vice quando capites de varie linguas auxiliar incontrava philologos distinguite pro trovar vias a un scopo commun.     In le primavera de 1930 IALA pensava que le tempore era matur pro un Incontro International de Recerca Linguistic. Post proprie preparation iste incontro era arrangiate a Geneva in martio e aprilio. Le presidente del incontro era prof. Otto Jespersen, un famose linguista ex Danmark.     Le incontro era dividite in duo partes, un septimana a cata uno. Durante le prime septimana solmente active interlinguistas era presente, inter illes le tres creatores de Nov-Esperanto, Occidental e Novial (de Saussure, de Wahl e Jespersen); in addition a Siegfried Auerbach, duce del movimento de Ido durante multe annos, Pierre Stojan (creator del Bibliografio de Internacia Lingvo, compilate pro le Universala Esperanto Asocio - un bibliographia que contineva 560 paginas con plus de 6000 entratas); e Reinhold Zeidler qui habeva durante multe annos facte comparationes extensive inter linguas national e international.     Post un septimana illes era unite per tres ben cognite professores de philologia comparative, Albert Debrunner ex Jena, Edward Hermann ex Göttingen e Otto Funke ex Bern. Tres membros prominente ex le Universiteta de Geneva, Charles Bally, Serge Karcevski e Albert Sèchehaye como etiam Pitman B. Potter ex le Universitate de Wisconsin era presente a alicun de discussiones.     IALA era representate, in addition a professor Jespersen, per prof. William E. Collinson, sta Helen S. Eaton e le organisator infatigabile del IALA ipse, sra Alice V. Morris. Durante le ultime dies etiam le presidente de IALA, Earle B. Babcock, decano del Universitate de New York, era presente. Assi septime statos, sex linguas national e cinque linguas international era representate - e cata uno de iste numeros haberea essite augmentate per un, si Giuseppe Peano, un professor de mathematica e logica symbolic non haberea essite preventate de attender in le ultime momento. I3048. Participantes de conferentias del IALA Inter illes qui participava a conferentias formal e informal del IALA (International Auxiliary Language Association) inter 1930-1948 era: ANTIOCH COLLEGE     Dr. Arthur E. Morgan - Professor Austin M. Patterson BROOKLYN COLLEGE     Dr. Laura H. Kennon COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY     Professor Robert H. Fife - Professor Roman Jakobson - Professor Henri F. Muller HARVARD UNIVERSITY     Dean Henry W. Holmes JOHN HOPKINS UNIVERSITY     Professor Kemp Malone UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN     Professor Hayward Keniston UNIVERSITY OF OHIO     Professor Wencil J. Kostir STANFORD UNIVERSITY     Professor Albert L. Guérard THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY     Professor Henry Gratton Doyle UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN     Professor V. A. C. Henmon YALE UNIVERSITY     Dr. James R. Angell, President - Professor Kan-Ichi Asakawa UNIVERSITY OF MONTREAL     Professor Jean Paul Vinay ÉCOLE LIBRE DES HAUTES ÉTUDES     Professor Gustave Cohen SORBONNE     Professor P. Fouché - Professor Antoine Meillet - Professor Joseph Vendryes CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY     Professor C. K. Ogden HUNTER COLLEGE     Dr. Marguerite Jones LOUGHBOROUGH COLLEGE     Professor Herbert Schofield UNIVERSITATE DE AMSTERDAM     Professor A. W. de Groot UNIVERSITATE DE LEIDEN     Professor Nicolaas Van Wijk UNIVERSITATE DE GöTTINGEN     Professor Eduard Hermann INSTITUT UNIVERSITAIRE DE HAUTES ÉTUDES INTERNATIONALES, GENEVA     Professor Pitman B. Potter UNIVERSITATE DE GENEVA     Professor Charles Bally - Professor Serge Karcevski - Professor Albert Sechehaye UNIVERSITATES DE BERNE E BASLE     Professor Albert Debrunner UNIVERSITATE DE BERNE     Professor Otto Funke UNIVERSITATE DE COPENHAGEN     Professor Otto Jespersen UNIVERSITATE DE OSLO     Professor Alf Sommerfelt RESEARCH CORPORATION     Howard A. Poillon SCIENCE SERVICE     Dr. Watson Davis ROUSSEAU INSTITUTE, GENEVA     Pierre Bovet INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ORGANIZATION     Eugen Wüster CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE     Dr. Malcolm Davis - Dr. James T. Shotwell FOUNDATION     Josiah Macy, Jr. ESPERANTO SOCIETATE DE FRANCE     Louis Bastien, Esperanto Society of France ESPERANTO ASSOCIATION OF NORTH AMERICA     Mr. and Mrs. G. Alan Connor - George Winthrop Lee - John L. Lewine INTERNACIA CSEH-INSTITUTO DE ESPERANTO     Andreo Cseh INTERNACIA SCIENCA ASOCIO ESPERANTISTA     Rollet de l'Isle, ESPERANTO II     René de Saussure UNIVERSALA LIGO     Mr. and Mrs. I. R. G. Isbrucker LINGVO MONDE     Wladyslaw Kozlowski UNIVERSAL ESPERANTO ASSOCIATION     Edmond Privat, President PRIVATE ESPERANTISTAS     William Perrenoud - Pierre Stojan AKADEMIO DI IDO     Siegfried Auerbach OCCIDENTAL UNION     Edgar de Wahl NOVIAL Reinhold Zeidler PARIS CHAMBER OF COMMERCE     Andre Baudet, Paris ROTARY INTERNATIONAL     Willem de Cock Buning - Dr. Walter D. Head - Dr. Lester Struthers YOUNG WOMENS' CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION (Y.W.C.A.)     Mrs. James S. Cushman, ALTERES     Leslie Adie - Mrs. Yorke Allen - Clarence Barnhart - Wilhelm Blaschke     Mrs. Westwood Carr     Mrs. Laura Dreyfus-Barney - Miss Helen S. Eaton - Gertrude Ely - Dr. Frank Fremont-Smith,     Miss Clarissa H. Gordon - Mrs. Ruth - M. Griggs - Mrs. Hamilton Hadley - Dr. John Lansbury     Miss Anne Lincoln - Mrs. Dudley H. Mills - Dave Hennen Morris, Jr. - Bronson Price     Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt (la sposa del presidente del Statos Unite de America)     Mgr. Schrijnen - Mrs. Walter Knight Sturges, Jr. - William Mark Taylor - George L. Trager A illes e multe alteres le IALA es le plus grate. P32C. Le Club S.S.S. era un dominante club politic in Germania que habeva su nomine per su tres fundatores e presidentes: General von Seeckt, le creator del Reichswehr, dr. Walter Simons, le presidente del tribunal statal e dr. Wilhelm Solf, ex-ministro de affaires estranier. P33B. General Karl Haushofer era un persona controversial. In su magazin Zeitschrift für Geopolitik" scribeva ille semper amicalmente super Paneuropa - proque ille soniava de un "Grande Area Europee" (Grossraum Europa). Benque Haushofer era un monarchista bavarian, Hitler trovava inspiration in certe ideas de ille P34C. Le oration prophetic de Victor Hugo pro inauguration del prime conferentia de pacifistas, Paris 1849, lecte per Ida Roland: "Le die va venir, quando le duo uniones magnific, le Statos Unite de America e le Statos Unite de Europa va tender su manos un al altere trans le oceano pro excambio de su mercantias, su industrias, su arte, su cultura - pro insimul facer le globo cultivate, popular le desertos, innobilir le creation ante le oculos del Creator e, pro le ben a omnes, iste ambe fortias infinite un con altere a junger: Le fraternitate de gente e le omnipotentia del Dio!" I36A. John Huston Finley, le 2e presidente (1936-40) del IALA (International Auxiliary Language Association), era nascite a Grand Ridge, Illinois in 1863. Ille attendeva Knox College e ille era graduate como su valedictus in 1887. Ille facte su studios post-graduate al Johns Hopkins University, illac ille studiava historia e jornalismo. Ille startava su cariera professional como secretario del New York State Charities Aid Association (1889-92).     Ille deveniva presidente del Knox college in 1892 como le plus juvene presidente de un universitate in le SUA. Ille era un editor successose de jornales philanthropic, includente Charities Review and State Charities Record. Ille etiam serviva como editor de Harper's Weekly magazine. In 1900-03 ille era un professor de politica al Princeton University, ubi ille deveniva amico del tote le vita del ex-presidente Grover Cleveland.     1903-1913 ille serviva como presidente del City College of New York. Ille era le Commissario del Cruce Rubie in Palestina in 1918-1919. 1913-21 ille era le presidente del University of the State of New York e le commissario de education pro le Stato de New York. 1921-1937 ille era editor associate e 1937-38 editor-in-chief del New York Times. Durante su longe cariera ille era presentate con 32 grados honorari. Como un grande promenator ille promenava durante 30 annos circum Manhattan Island. In Palestina ille un vice promenava 120 km. durante un die e nocte. Ille era un presbyteriano e studente de latino e greco. Ille era un contributor importante in colliger pecunias pro le renovation del Parthenon in Athenas. Ille assisteva in fundation del Dictionary of American Biography. Ille moriva in 1940. Ille es i.a. autor del libro "The Debt Eternal" (1923). I36C. Le recercas del IALA veniva al conclusion que pro elaborar un lingua scientificamente e impartialmente, on debeva extraher lo completemente ab le linguas natural. Le recercatores habeva comprendite que milles del parolas in le linguas europee era jam international, e pareva scientific de extraher iste vocabulario commun a fin de obtener le lingua desirate. Dunque le discussiones in iste reuniones europee, in loco de esser sterile e negative, promitteva producer progresso positive per acceptar un justification del naturalitate e per le rejection del methodo schematic, P38A. Noch während wir mit Frau Dollfuss sprachen, meldete sich ein anderer Besucher: der Nazi-Maler. Er war bleich, Während er sich tief vor den beiden Damen verbeugte, flüsterte mir Idel zu: "Der Totenvogel ...". Im Zimmer nebenan teilte er mir mit, dass Hitler das Plebiszit nicht dulden würde und dass Entscheidung über österreich noch heute bevorstand.      Plötzlich, am frühen Nachmittag, wurde es still in der Stadt. Der Jubel war zu Ende. Die Strassen wurden menschenleer. Es war die unheimliche Stille vor dem Sturm. Der politische Wind drehte sich. Gerüchte durchschwirrten die Stadt. Die ersten Lastwagen mit Hakenkreuzfahnen wurden sichtbar. Niemand wusste, was die nächsten Stunden bringen würden: Krieg? Revolution? Anschluss?      Abends hatten wir Gäste. Kaum waren sie eingetreten, läutete das Telefon: Schuschnigg habe demissioniert, ein Nazikabinett sei gebildet, die deutschen Armeen wären eingerückt! Ein Anruf bei der tschechoslowakischen Gesandschaft bestätigte diese Botschaft. Keine Minute war zu verlieren. Jeden Moment konnte die Gestapo erscheinen.      Wir verabschiedeten sofort unsere Gäste, nahmen unseren weissen Pekinesen Pai-Chouan unter den Arm und verliessen das Haus, um nach der tschechoslowakischen Gesandschaft zu fahren, dort zu übernachten und am nächsten Tag im Gesandschaftsauto die Grenze zu überschreiten. Aber nach einigen Minuten mussten wir diesen Plan aufgeben. Eine riesige Menschenmenge mit Hakenkreuzgfahnen, schreiend, singend, jubelnd, versperrte den Weg. Wir mussten umkehren. Wohin? Nach Hause gehen war Selbstmord.      Wir fuhren zur Schweizer Gesandschaft. Dort waren wir auf exterritorialem Boden und Konnten nicht verhaftet werden. Der Gesandte Dr. Jäger und seine Frau empfingen uns mit gewohnter Herzlichkeit und luden uns ein, bei ihnen zu übernachten. Wir entschlossen uns aber doch, noch in derselben Nacht die Grenze zu passieren, da es am nächsten Tag schon zu spät sein konnte.      Eine neue Schwierigkeit tauchte auf: weder Idel noch ich konnten chauffieren, und unser österreichischer Chauffeur war an diesem Tag spurlos verschwunden. Minister Jäger stellte uns seinen Chauffeur zur Verfügung.      Meine Frau telefonierte nach Hause: unsere treue Haushälterin Berta sollte unser Auto dem Gesandschaftschaffeur übergeben, einen Koffer packen und mit unserem grossen Steppenhund Sascha zur Gesandschaft fahren. Dann telefonierte sie slowakischen Freunden, uns noch in der Nacht an die Pressburger Grenze entgegenzukommen.      Gegen 23 Uhr konnten wir endlich losfahren. - - -      Die Ringstrasse schien unpassierbar. Endlose Scharen von Nazis defilierten; Fahnen flatterten, Menschen jubelten und sangen. In diesem Tumult wurde die Schweizer Nummer unseres Autos zur Rettung. Für einen Augenblick wurden die Heil-Hitler-Rufe unterbrochen durch ein gemütliches: "Heil Schweiz!", und wir konnten, mit einiger Mühe, langsam den Menschenstrom passieren.      Eine neue Schwirigkeit: der Chauffeur, ein österreicher, der auf diese Reise nicht vorbereitet war, hatte seinen Pass zu Hause gelassen. Wir mussten also bei seiner Wohnung vorbeifahren. In einer Sackgasse hält der Wagen. Der Chauffeur springt ab und verschwindet. Wir sind umringt von einem Dutzend halbwüchsiger Nazis mit Hakenkreuzen auf ihren Armbinden und Gummiknüppeln in den Fäusten. Einen Augenblich glauben wir uns verloren. Wir verstummen. Ein Nazi kommt auf uns zu: Er streichelt die Hunde. Offenbar hält er uns für Schweizer Diplomaten. Endlose Minuten vergehen. Schliesslich erscheint der Chauffeur, setzt sich ans Steuer und fährt los.      Es war nach Mitternacht. Unsere Strasse führte entlang der langen Mauer des Wiener Zentralfriedhofes. Dort ruhten Idels liebe Eltern. Wir nahmen im Geiste Abschied von ihnen.      Für Idel war es ein Abschied für immer, und von Wien und von österreich. Sie sollte ihre geliebte Heimat nicht mehr wiedersehen.      Die Reichsstrasse, die dem Donautal folgt und Wien mit Pressburg verbindet, war leer. Nur ein einziges Motorrad mit einer grossen Hakenkreuzfahne raste an uns vorbei. Wir sprachen wenig. In der Hand hielt ich die Repetierpistole, da wir jeden Augenblick mit der Möglichkeit eines überfalls rechnen mussten.      Endlich waren wir an der Grenze. Zu unserem Erstaunen waren noch die alten österreichischen Grenzwachen auf ihrem Posten. Vom Dritten Reich war noch nichts zu sehen.      Während der Zollformalitäten hatten wir am Rande der Strasse ein grosses schwarzes Auto bemerkt. Als wir losfuhren, ging der Chauffeur dieses Wagens auf uns zu: die Dame im Auto wollte uns sprechen. Es war Alwine Dollfuss, die mit ihren beiden kleinen Kindern auf die Einreiseerlaubnis der tschechoslowakischen Regierung wartete. Der französische Gesandte Puaux hatte ihr sein Auto zur Verfügung gestellt, um sie in Sicherheit über die Grenze zu bringen.      Eine halbe Stunde später waren wir im einzigen grösseren Hotel Pressburgs, dem Carlton. Es war bis zum letzten Zimmer voll mit Flüchtlingen aus österreich. Wir trafen zwei ehemalige Minister, die vor uns angekommen waren. An Schlaf war nicht zu denken. Bis in die frühen Morgenstunden blieben wir mit Frau Dollfuss zusammen und besprachen die Zukunft österreichs und Europas. - - -      Die nächste Etappe war Budapest. Freunde besorgten ein zweites Auto für Frau Dollfuss. Ich liess auf alle Fälle Mussolini durch den italienischen Gesandten wissen, dass wir mit Frau Dollfuss und ihren Kindern Italien passieren wollten, um in die Schweiz zu reisen.      Von Budapest ging es nach Zagreb. Bis zur jugoslawischen Grenze begleitete uns ein ungarisches Polizeiauto, um uns gegen eventuelle überfälle zu schützen.      In Zagreb wurden wir ebenso herzlich empfangen wie in Budapest. Es war ein Trost, in diesem Moment zu fühlen, dass ein Netz von Freunden und Anhängern uns über alle tragischen Ereignisse hinweg treu geblieben war - und dass sie trotz allem noch an die Verwirklichung Paneuropas glaubten.      über Laibach ging es zur italienischen Grenze. Dort, in Adelsberg, begrüsste uns ein höherer Offizier namens seiner Regierung. Er stellte uns vier junge Faschisten vor, beauftragt, unsere beiden Wagen durch Italien zu begleiten, als einer Art Leibwache. über Triest und Sirmione am Gardasee ging es nach Chiasso. Als wir hier die Schweizer Grenze passierten und uns von unseren Begleitern in ihren schwarzen Hemden verabschiedeten, waren wir glücklich, in einem Land zu sein, in dem wir keine "Leibwachen" mehr brauchten.      In der Schweiz erfuhren wir von tragischen Schicksal vieler unserer Wiener Freunde.      Unser Zentralbüro in der Hofburg wurde sofort besetzt: der Nazikansler Seyss-Inquart hatte dort seine Residenz aufgeschlagen. Vierzigtausend Bände des Paneuropa-Verlages wurden vernichtet, ebenso alle unsere Archive und Korrespondenzen seit Beginn der Bewegung. Unsere Wohnung war von der Gestapo durchsucht und versiegelt worden. Der Name österreich wurde von der Landkarte gelöscht. Hitlers Stellung in Deutschland und in Europa schien unerschütterlich.      Paneuropa, das vor fünfzehn Jahren aus dem Reich der Utopie zum Leben erweckt worden war, schien nun wieder zurückzusinken in das Reicht der Träume. - - -      Wir waren aus Wien nur mit einem Handkoffer geflohen. Alles andere mussten wir zurücklassen. Dennoch wurde es uns möglich, während der folgenden Monate unsere wichtigsten Wert- und Kunstgegenstände nach Gstaad zu retten.      Unsere Wohnung im Heiligenkreuzerhof war unmittelbar nach unserer Flucht von der Gestapo versiegelt worden. Sie lag im ersten Stock. Unter ihr, im Parterre, lagen Küche und Dienerzimmer, nur durch die Haustreppe und einen Speisenaufzug mit unserer Wohnung verbunden. Berta, unsere deutsche Hausangestellte, war dort zurückgeblieben, unbehelligt von der Gestapo.      Jeden Abend kam unser Bürodiener Budik sie besuchen. Da er von kleiner Gestalt war, konnte ihn Berta mit dem grossen Speisenaufzug in unsere Wohnung befördern. Dort suchte er unsere schönsten Sachen zusammen und beförderte sie per Aufzug in die Parterreräume. Von dort gingen sie per Postpaket nach Gstaad.      Vor dem Anschluss hatten wir die geheimsten Doklumente und vor allem die Listen der Namen unserer Mitarbeiter aus Sicherheitsgründen in unsere Wohnung genommen. Der Gedanke, sie könnten in die Hände der Gestapo fallen, liess uns nicht ruhen. Wir konnten wegen der Briefzensur nicht darüber an Berta schreiben, noch weniger telefonieren. Aber wir wussten, dass die Tochter des Schweizer Gesandten in Wien, Fräulein Jäger, die wir bei ihren Eltern kennengelernt hatten, sich in der Schweiz aufhielt. Mit ihr nahmen wir die Verbindung auf. Sie lernte den Satz über diese Dokumente und ihr Versteck auswendig. Bei ihrer nächsten Reise nach Wien besuchte sie Berta. Die Dokumente wurden vernichtet.      Alle anderen Korrespondenzen und Abrechnungen der Paneuropa-Union und des Paneuropa-Verlages waren der Gestapo in die Hände gefallen. Goebbels kündigte in der Wiener Presse einen Schauprozess gegen mich an, um meinen Ruf in der Weltöffenlichtkeit zu schädigen. Aber nach Durchsicht der Dokumente wurde dieser Plan fallengelassen: ihre Veröffentlichungen wären eine Propaganda für und nicht gegen Paneuropa gewesen.      Von da ab wählte Goebbels eine geschickte Taktik: die des Totschweigens. Die deutschen Paneuropäer sollten glauben, die Bewegung hätte aufgehört. So kam es, dass nach dem Krieg einige meiner deutschen Freunde überrascht waren, mich noch am Leben zu finden. P39B. Le theatro de Marigny era plen al ultime placia de ministros, ambassadores e le societate politic international de Paris. In su oration Coudenhove-Kalergi accentuava que Europa non pote superar le crise politic e economic sin un renovation moral: "Le feritate del antique, le amor christian e le honor cavalleresc, que insimul forma le anima europee, se incontra in su confession de idealismo: - que le corpore es solmente le umbra del anima; - que omne materia es solmente un faciada de fortias spiritual; - que omne visibile es mortal e solmente le nonvisible es immortal; - que le vita non es le ultime bon e le morte non es le ultime mal; - que pro isto le gente non debe aspirar a placer sed a ultimation; - que ni politica ni economica son fin in se mesme - sed le omnes solmente un expression de valores spiritual e    moral. Iste idealismo europee se leva contra le materialismo in omne su formas; totevia illo remane realistic;    -- illo vide le cosas como illos son, mesmo quando illo lo vide a transverso;    -- illo recognosce le tragica del fato e nonobstante lucta pro le progresso human;    -- illo respecta le tradition - e nonobstante intrepidemente avantia verso un futuro incognite;    -- illo ama le vita - e es nonobstante preste lo abandonar pro un ideal plus alte;    -- illo ama le pace - e es nonobstante preste a luctar pro le ideal plu alte e pro le libertate; Iste manifesto era inter le publico e le presse parisien un successo convincente. Desde le Anschluss (occupation de Austria per Germania) que appareva destruer le movimento paneuropee, illo se trovava in progresso continuante in Europa del west. Le menacias de Hitler habeva le Europa libre plus fortemente insimul forgiate quam le evocationes de Briand. P39E. Coudenhove-Kalergi scribeva in su memorias: "Iste negotiationes (super le fundar un governamento de Austria in exilio - AK) portava nos in contacto etiam con le archiduce Otto, le primogenite filio del imperator Karl, un elevate juvene homine de talento extraordinari, education extensive e un grande charme personal. Si su imperio non haberea collabite in le dies de su infantia, ille haberea probabilemente vadite al historia como un del plus remarcabile soveranos de su dynastia. Nos videva le plus tarde sovente in Washington, e io me semper con placer interteneva con ille super le situation politic." P40A. Coudenhove-Kalergi passava le revista militar e era commandate como un artillerista in le artilleria pesate del armea francese in caso su classe haberea essite mobilisate (ille habeva jam 46 annos). Le 1940-05-09 Coudenhove-Kalergi viagiava a Geneva, Suissa, pro establir illac le Palatio Wilson como le nove stato major pro le Union Paneuropee.     Le sequente die le armea german attaccava Francia, Belgica e Nederland. Le 1940-05-17, le die paneuropee, C-K veniva de novo a Paris ubi ille scribeva de accordo con le ministerio de affaires estranier de Francia su ultime appello a Mussolini pro "cooperar pro salvation de nostre cultura, in loco de destruer le mundo latin al latere de Hitler". Le 1940-05-28 C-K retornava a Geneva sed Suissa non plus era un pais secure, un invasion de Germania era timite. Le governamento de Suissa prohibeva le activitates del Union Paneuropee in iste pais.     Le 1940-06-17 le colonnas motorisate de Hitler stava 30 km. de Geneva e mesmo Italia era in stato de guerra contra Francia. Le iste die C-K recipeva le visa a Espania e Portugal e benzina pro le viage ab un empleato del Liga de Nationes. Le viage via Annecy, Grenoble, Valence, Nimes, Montpellier e Port Bou a Barcelona era riscose, le vias era plen de refugiatos e on habeva le risico de incontrar un colonna armate del Wehrmacht german. Ab Barcelona C-K viagiava per traino a Lissabon.     Ab Lissabon C-K telephonava a Nicholas Murray Butler, le presidente del Universitate de Columbia. Post alicun dies Cordell Hull, le ministro de affaires estranier del Statos Unite ordinava le consulato general a scriber immediatemente le visas a C-K e su accompaniates. C-K volava le 1940-08-03 con un avion Clipper ab Lissabon a New York.     Alicun dies postea quando C-K habeva arrivate al SUA un station de radio in New York diffundeva in su programma popular "Information please!" le dialogue sequente: Le moderator: "Qui es le patre del movimento pro le Statos Unite de Europa?" Un voce ab le publico: "Briand!" Le moderator: "Non, ille era le conte Coudenhove-Kalergi!" Un voce ab le publico: "An ille vive ancora?" Le moderator: "In le circumstantias hodierne in Europa io non esserea surprendite si ille esserea morte!"     Le moderator era Otto Tollischus, un del plus famose redactores del New York Times e un de pionieros del idea de Paneuropa in America. I40. Post le rejection de Esperanto IALA se decideva a solver le problema del linguas per crear su proprie lingua. Pro assecurar le completion de un tal projecto sra. Morris generosemente provideva supporto adequate financiari. Le comenciamento del guerra in 1939 necessitava le dispersion del equipage multinational. Multes del linguistas europee era utilisate appropriatemente per lor governamentos in le conducta del guerra. (Per exemplo, professor Collinson debeva abandonar le grosso de su classes in Liverpool in su labor pro le governamento britannic relative al problema de estranieros qui habeva nascite in paises inimic e qui habitava in Grande Britannia.). In consequentia, non era possibile arrangiar reuniones del "Committee for Agreement". Le datos linguistic e le bibliotheca jam accumulate al Universitate de Liverpool era transferite a New York. Ibi Sr. Stillman organisava un nove personal de linguistas de varie nationalitates, que ille dirigeva usque ille entrava in le servicio de governamento in 1943. P41A. Coudenhove-Kalergi opinava que si Germania succederea in occupation de Islanda, illo poterea resultar al fin de Britannia. Ille proponeva via su amico jam in Vienna, Cavendish Cannon, qui laborava al ministro de affaires estranier, Cordell Hull, le ministro, que le SUA deberea occupar Islanda ante que le germanos lo facerea. Quando nihil occurreva durante le sequente mense, Coudenhove-Kalergi contactava su amico Henry Morgenthau Sr. e demandava le a mitter su memorando al presidente Franklin D. Roosevelt. Post alicun menses le SUA occupava Islanda ...!     Henry Morgenthau Sr. era initialmente un germano de Frankfurt qui habeva facte un grande fortuna in America. Durante le prime guerra mundial ille era ambassador del SUA in Istanbul. Como un paternal amico de Roosevelt ille habeva substantialmente contribuite al election de Roosevelt como presidente. Roosevelt habeva offerite a Henry Morgenthau Sr. entrata a su cabinetto sed ille habeva lo renunciate a favor a su filio, Henry Morgenthau Jr. qui jocava un rolo remarcabile durante le Guerra Hibernal inter Finlandia e le Union Sovietic.     Coudenhove-Kalergi poterea attinger contacto con Henry Morgenthau Sr. via su filia, Alma, con qui le Coudenhove-Kalergis habeva facte amicitate. P41B. Le Universitate de New York con su 60 000 studentes e plus que 3000 inseniatores era le plus grande universitate in le SUA. Coudenhove-Kalergi habeva professor Arnold J. Zürcher como assistante. P42. Le presidente del anniversario era Marshall S. Brown, decano del Universitate de New York. Inter le oratores era: Alexis Léger, le plus proxime collaborator e amico de Briand, plus tarde un nobelista de litteratura con pseudonym St. John Perse, subsecretario del stato Sumner Welles, conte Carlo Sforza (ex-ministro de affaires estranier de Italia), Jan Masaryk (ministro de affaires estranier de Czechoslovakia post le guerra, assassinate per le communistas in 1948), Thomas Mann e multe altere eminentias. P43A. Le presidentes del conferentia era Coudenhove-Kalergi, Fernando de los Rios (ex-ministro de affaires estranier de Espania) e Louis Marlio, un industrialista francese. In iste "Consilio Europee in America" era i.a.: le ex-prime ministros Paul van Zeeland e Milan Hodzha, ex-ministro del affaires estranier Rudolf Holsti [*], Finlandia, Radu Irimescu, Romania, Sophokles Venizelos, Grecia (veniente prime ministro e un ardente paneuropeo como su grande patre) e un cognite doctor suisse, Raymond de Saussure. La chef de cosas technic del conferentia era Ida Roland, la sposa de Coudenhove-Kalergi.     Le sessiones del commission sedeva se in le club de facultates del Universitate de New York. Marlio functionava como le presidente del committee economic. Richard Schüller, qui habeva dirigite le politica commercial de Austria durante decennios, era le experte del union doanal, pro questiones de valutas laborava duo prominente expertes, professor Ludwig von Mises (Austria) e André Istel, le consilio financial de Paul Reynaud e Charles de Gaulle.     [*] Rudolf Holsti nasceva in Jyväskylä, Finlandia, in 1881 e moriva in Palo Alto, le SUA, in 1945. Senator 1917, le representative de Finlandia in London 1918-19 ubi ille arrangiava le transporto de alimentos ex le SUA a Finlandia. Ministro de affaires estranier 1919-22 e 1936-38. 1923-27 ambassador in Tallinn e Riga. Ambassador in Bern e permanente representante al Liga de Nationes 1927-40. Lector al Universitate de Stanford, California, desde 1940. P43B. Winston Churchill diceva i.a.: "Naturalmente debe iste consilio imbraciar tote le Europa. Nam que vaderea devenir de multe parve nationes, le interesses e derectos de quales debe esser protectate? Permitte me hic demandar, que on deberea tener de un armea, que consisterea solmente de brigadas e battaliones, sin habente plus grande e extensive unitates, como corps de armea? Illos vaderea esser tosto destruite." P43C. Franklin D. Roosevelt videva le futuro del mundo postguerral in duo potentias mundial, America e Russia. Un tal mundo on non trovava placia pro un Union Paneuropee. Post le declino Hitler Stalin habeva devenite le adversario principal contra le idea paneuropee. I45. Al fin del Reporto, IALA presentava su lingua in le forma de tres modellos, (1) le modello original naturalistic, (2) un modello E, simile al occidental, e un (3) modello K, simile al ido. On ancora non habeva decidite qual modello vaderea esser adoptate. P46C. Le oration a radio de Winston Churchill in Zürich le 1946-09-19: "Hodie io ha le honor essente recepte de vostre vetule universitate e io volerea dicer a vos super le tragedia de Europa, iste continente magnific, que contine le plus belle e cultivate partes del globo, ha un climate temperate e agradabile e es le domo de omne populos parente de mundo del west. Europa es etiam le fundo del fide christian e del ethica christian, le puncto de partita del majoritate de arte, philosophia e scientia in le vetule e nove epocha. Si Europa poterea un die se unir in gaudimento de su hereditage commun, il haberea nulle limite a su felicitate, su prosperitate e su gloria, de qual su population de 300 a 400 milliones gente vaderea profitar. Nos debe eriger alicun forma del Statos Unite de Europa. Solmente preter iste via centos de milliones de gente va haber le chance de novo permitter se le parve gaudios e sperantias, que face al vita le valor de viver. Il es accessibile con simple medios. Es necesse solmente le determination de centos de viros e feminas a facer que es juste in loco de qual es mal e per isto a recoltar benediction in loco de malediction.     Mi damas e seniores, pro iste scopo le Union Paneuropee ha facte multe, e iste union ha tanto multo de gratiar a Coudenhove-Kalergi como etiam le famose patriota e homine de stato Aristide Briand ...     In iste senso io exhorta vos: "Face Europa resurger!" P46D. In su negotiationes con Winston Churchill e Duncan Sandys Coudenhove-Kalergi proponeva le nomine "Le Europa Unite" (United Europe) al movimento paneuropee reorganisate. Churchill vaderea esser le presidente, un socialista prominente in Europa continental e un representante politic del catholicos vice-presidentes, Coudenhove-Kalergi le secretario general e Sandys le vice-secretario general. Churchill lo consentiva in principio.     Al pariete del castello de Chartwell de Churchill pendeva le Atlantic Charter original con correcturas autographic de Churchill e Roosevelt. Coudenhove-Kalergi diceva a Churchill, que Nostradamus habeva prophetisate iste conferentia atlantic in le aquas de Newfoundland (Terra Nove) jam in le 16e seculo:     Un iour seront damis les deux gransmaistres     Un die sera le ambe granmaestros esser amicos,     leur grand pouuoir se verra augmenté               lor grande potentia se va augmentar     La terre neufue sera en ses hauts estres,           La terra nove sera esser in su altor,     au sanguinare, le nombre racompté.                 a sanguinaris, le dies recontate. Coudenhove-Kalergi trovava in Paris un alliato pro le movimento paneuropee, René Courtin, un professor de Sorbonne e le redactor principal in res economic del jornal Le Monde. C-K inviava a 3913 parlamentaricos europee un enquête con le demanda:     - Es vos pro un Federation Europee in quadro del Nationes Unite? Responde con "SI" o "NON", per favor. Coudenhove-Kalergi viagiava con "Ile de France" a New York ubi le responsas le trovava.     Le enquête era successose super omne expectationes. Il arrivava quasi solmente "SI"'s, le "NON"'es era multo sparse. Omne partitos salvo le communistas respondeva. Inter le prime "SI"-dicentes era Vincent Auriol, le presidente de Francia como Einaudi, le presidente de Italia e le ex-prime ministros Paul Reynaud, Daladier, Paul Boncour, Bonomi, Henri Queuille, Parri, Tsaldaris, Papandreou, Venizelos, Van Zeeland, conte Sforza e multe alteres. Le plus enthusiastic era Francia e Italia, Britannia era plus reservate - illo ancora habeva su Commonwealth. Totevia etiam ab Britannia veniva solmente multo rar responsas negative.     Etiam Scandinavia era reservate - a causa del proximitate de Russia. Le enquête non era inviate a Austria proque le occupation per russos. Sed tosto le ambe grande partitos austrian, le catholicos e le socialistas, declarava se unanimemente pro le federation europee. 2/3 de parlamentaricos grec respondeva con "SI". P46E. I46C. Tres variantes era offerite pro commento, un modello naturalistic componite de parolas e tractos grammatic realmente in uso international in le linguas del mundo e duo modellos presentate in le Reporto General con le nomines Schematic E e Schematic K, omnes presentate como variantes possibile del interlingua fundamental. Responsas al questionario non serea considerate como votos. Le personal del IALA considerarea le responsas al questionarios con grande diligentia e arrivar a conclusiones secundo lor contento e secundo le datos jam disponibile e nove datos semper accumulante. I47. IALA habeva elaborate un quarte variante e habeva modificate le altere tres. Il habeva dunque quatro variantes pro studiar - C, K, M, e P, characterisate per lor grado de proximitate al schematismo o naturalismo. Le variantes schematic era C e K, le variantes naturalistic M e P. Le variante C era similar al modello E del Reporto General, que resimilava occidental e le variante K quasi identic al K original que resimilava ido o esperanto liberate de su defectos obvie.     Le variante P era le modello original naturalistic que resimilava le latino con su tempores passate in -aba, -eba e -iba, infinitivos terminante in -are, ere e -ire, e substantivos e participios passate terminante in -e (calore, unione, proponite). Le nove variante presentate pro consideration era M, que pareva post le Reporto General. Le nove variante habeva le tempores passate terminante in -ava, -eva e -iva, e le infinitivos terminante in -ar, -er e -ir; le substantivos e le participios habeva nulle -e final, e dunque illo era multo simile al variante C. Iste quatro variantes era inviate a 3.000 personas appropriate in varie paises e era utilisate como le base de un sondage de opiniones demandante le variante preferite. Includite con le variantes il habeva un explication del plure argumentos in justification de cata variante     Le resultatos del sondage monstrava un rejection decisive del variante K, le variante extrememente schematic, lo que constitueva un rejection additional del linguas del typo esperanto/ido. Il habeva un preferentia definite pro variantes P e M, le modellos naturalistic, un tendentia que habeva monstrate se depost 1922 in Geneva. Variante C, un modello minus schematic que K, habeva minus de partisanos que P e M, le modellos naturalistic.     Le parlatores anglo-saxon e non-romance generalmente prefereva le variante P, le variante elaborate plus o minus per dr. Gode, qui era german per nascentia e american per selection, e le franceses prefereva le variante M, le modello favorite e offerite per dr. Martinet, un francese. Le franceses monstrava anque un tendentia verso le variante C, que era plus proxime al M que al P. Dunque, le solution pareva esser un compromisso inter le P de Gode, le M de Martinet, e le variante C, lassante foras de consideration le variante K, le forma preferite per sra. Morris, le esperantista. P48A. Le altere membros de iste committee era: Herbert Hoover, ex-presidente del Statos Unite, Robert Patterson, ex-ministro de defensa, James A. Farley, presidente del Partito Democratic, Norman Thomas, candidato presidential de socialistas, John W. Davis, ambassador, Donovan, general, Robert M. La Follete e Burton K. Wheeler, senatores, Hale Boggs e Christian A. Herter, membros del congresso, William Green, presidente de confederation del labor, Karl Alter, episcopo catholic de Toledo,       dr. Stephen Duggan (activista ab 1923, presidente in 1940-1950 del       IALA - International Auxiliary Language Association, que creava interlingua Harry Woodburn Chase e Robert J. Gannon, rectores, Harry D. Gideonse, presidente del Brooklyn College, George N. Shuster, presidente del Hunter College, Allen Dulles, presidente del Consilio de Relationes Estranier, Richard S. Childs, presidente del Union de Citatanos, Philip D. Reed, presidente del General Electric Co., Robert Moses, commissionero de parcos de New York, Hans V. Kaltenborn, commentator de radio, Arnold J. Zürcher e John Y. Keur, professores, Fredrick W. Gehle, Joseph J. Larkin e George E. Warren, vice-presidentes del Chase National Bank, Clayton Fritchey, redactor-in-chef,       Thomas Watson (presidente del American Business Machine Co., etiam membro del directorate del       IALA - International Auxiliary Language Association, que creava interlingua Clare Boothe Luce, Alice Roosevelt-Longworth , daughter of President Theodore Roosevelt and the wife of the influential Ohio congressman Nicholas Longworth e Dorothy Thompson. P48B. Duncan Sandys habeva create pro le conferentia de Haag un nove bandiera europee, un "E" verde al fundo blanc in sperantia que le bandiera del Union Paneuropee vaderea oblidate. Coudenhove-Kalergi inviava ab New York un cassa de bandieras paneuropee sed post que C-K habeva arrivate a Haag Duncan Sandys diceva que le bandieras habeva "disparite" - illos era trovate alicun dies post le conferentia. P51B. Iste proposition placeva Charles de Gaulle e ille lo consentiva in principio. Sed le consilieros nationalistic de de Gaulle opponeva le idea proque illes timeva que multes de su partitarios francese non haberea lo comprendite e forsan haberea lo abandonate. P51D. Antero Leitzinger, Finlandia: "Maxudi (Maksudi, originalmente Maksudov, Maksoudoff in francese, plus latere Sadri Maksudi Arsal, 1879-1957) era per nascentia un turco de Volga, i.e. un tataro. Ille era un membro liberal del duma russe e durante le revolution in Russia le presidente de Idel-Ural. Ille habitava como refugiato politic in Finlandia in 1918-19. Ille habeva jam durante le plus difficile periodo de panslavisation facte orationes in le duma pro le derectos constitutional de Finlandia, proque le politicos de affaires estranier de Finlandia, que habeva justo ganiate su independentia, le cognosceva e con placer discuteva con ille super le futuro de Russia.     Como refugiato Maksudi faceva in Finlandia un oration, ubi ille accentuava le companionitate in fortuna de populos finnese e turkic (etiam illo de estonianos e tataros): 'Omne nove menacia a vostre libertate eveliava profunde tristessa in nostre cordes. Nos sentiva que nostre ideal politic, que nos habeva acceptate como exemplo pro nostre proprie libertate, esserea sin causa brutalmente destruite.'     Professor Gustaf John Ramstedt (un grande scientista de linguas oriental, le creator del lingua scripte de Mongolia e le prime ambassador de Finlandia a Japon) scribeva in le magazin 'Maailma' in 1919 super Maksudi: 'Essente un perfecte europeo ille ha totevia preservate su amor a su proprie tribo e su cultura oriental.'     Maksudi continuava su viage a Paris e Berlin e devenival al fin un parlamentarico in Turchia. Ille visitava Finlandia in 1921 e 1922 pro reciper su familia que habeva escappate ex Russia. Maksudi era un del dominante paneuropeos turc." In 1951 - le anno del nascentia del interlingua - le "Committee de Constitution Federal pro le Statos Unite de Europa" sub le conte Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi publicava un concepto pro le Constitution europee. Un del membros del Assemblea Europee qui subscribeva como fundatores era Maksudi (Maxudi), Turchia. I51. Previe effortios pro crear un lingua auxiliar pare van e illusori in comparation. Interlingua es un ver lingua que superpassa le effortios de un sol homine, le methodo sequite pro crear tote le altere linguas auxiliar. Interlingua, dunque, es le resultato de travalios que durava 25 annos per equipas de linguistas que devotava un grande parte de lor tempore al thema, non solmente le tempore remanente post le labores de lor posto normal. Le lingua producite es tal que omne personas qui sape un lingua romanic forsan haberea necessitate de alicun studio pro usar lo activemente, ma qui pote generalmente leger a prime vista sin haber besonio de apprender lo, proque illo es le producto natural del linguas romance in un forma simplificate. P54B. Coudenhove-Kalergi in 1954: Le Union Paneuropee non es un organisation central de gruppos national sed un association central de europeos convicte de varie nationalitates. Pro isto illo ha le possibilitate de prender position a omne questiones del politica quotidian ex perspective europee.     Le nove Union Paneuropee ha tres organos: le presidium, le consilio central e le congresso. Omne membros del Union pote participar al congresso, que sede cata duo annos e elige le consilio central e presidium.     Le consilio central consiste de 20 a 30 membros qui pertine a varie nationalitates. Le consilio central determina le politica del Union Paneuropee.     Le executive consiste de presidium, que es componite del presidente e quatro vice-presidentes. Coudenhove-Kalergi era reelecte como presidente. Le quatro vice-presidentes era: Dr. Karl Arnold (le prime prime ministro del Nordrhein-Westfalen), Pierre Billot (un del plus remarcabile generales in le secunde guerra mundial, chef del stato major, e un proxime collaborator de Charles de Gaulle, plus tarde Billot deveniva ministro de guerra in le 4e republica), O.M.E. Loupart (un industrialista, director al Philips-Werke a Eindhoven, un nederlandese qui era nascite in Belgica) e Dr. Walter Keller-Staub (un cognite advocato in Suissa).     Le consilio central del Union Paneuropee era componite de sequente personas: dr. Paul von Auer, ex-ambassador de Hungaria a Paris, Albert de Bailliencourt, membro del assemblea national, Paris, conte Lennart Bernadotte, Mainau, Germania, Angela Cingolani-Guidi, ex-secretaria del stato, Italia, dr. Ladislaus Feierabend, ex-ministro de Czechoslovakia in Washington, archiduce Otto von Habsburg, Pöcking, Germania, Emilie Hamilius, burgomaestro de Luxembourg, Ole Björn Kraft, ex-ministro de affaires estranier, Danmark, professor dr. Eduard Ludwig, ministro, Austria, Sean Macbride, ex-ministro, Irlanda, Leon Maccas, ex-ministro, Grecia, Ronald Mackay, ex-membro del Camera de Communes, Britannia, Zeyyat Mandalinci, membro del assemblea national, Turchia, dr. Hans Joachim von Merkatz, federal ministro, Germania, dr. Friedrich Middelhauve, ex-ministro de Nordhein-Westfalen, Otto Molden, presidente del Austrian College, Marius Moutet, ex-senator e ministro, Francia, Erwin Mueller, ex-ministro, Saarland, Odd Nansen, architecto, Norvegia, André Noel, ex-chef del servicio de information del generalgovernamento de Morocco, Jean Ornstein, industrialista, Francia, P.F.S. Otten, presidente del Corporation Philips, Eindhoven, Kaarel R. Pusta, ex-ministro de affaires estranier, Estonia, conte Eduard Raczyinski, ex-ministro de affaires estranier, Polonia, Emile Roche, le presidente del consilio economic, Francia, marchese de Valdeiglesias, consilio del stato, Espania, Paul van Zeeland, ministro del stato e senator, Belgica. P54E. Le ceremonia funebre era inofficial, nonobstante le cappella de Hietaniemi era plen de gente. Le funeres comenciava con le Marsellaise, le interramento era facte per Johannes Björklund, le episcopo militar. Inter le participatores era un gruppo de "culpabiles de guerra". Le sol oration al funeral era pronunciate per Edwin Linkomies, un del culpabiles, ex-prime ministro, latinista e veniente rector e cancellor del Universitate de Helsinki, in svedese:     "Outplånligt har i vårt minne bevarats bilden av en dyster februaridag, år 1946. En buss hade stannat utanför ett hus på Skatudden. Den höll på att föra bort en skara på åtta män, vilka dömts för att de enligt sitt bästa förstånd tjänat sitt land under tunga och svåra tider. Där stod som enda främmande bredvid dessa mäns anhöriga Hjalmar J. Procopé med böjt huvud och tårar glimtande i ögat. Han förkroppsligade då i sin person det värdefullaste Finlands folk under denna mörka period ägde; den nationella äran och den nationella skamkänslan. Under de föregående veckorna hade han vågat tydligt säga ut sådant som andra knappast tordes viska. Denna rakryggade hållning präglade sålunda hans sista offentliga uppträdande."

Hjalmar J. Procopé (1889-1954)	"Il es indelibilemente preservate in nostre mente le pictura de un triste die de februario, anno 1946. Un bus habeva stoppate foras un casa a Skatudden. Illo debeva abducer un truppa de octo viros, qui era condemnate a causa que illes habeva de lor optime judicamento servite su pais sub tempores pesate e difficile. Illac stava como sol estraniero presso le parentes de iste viros, Hjalmar J. Procopé con capite inclinate e lacrimas fulgente in su oculos. In ille personificava le plus preciose que Finlandia possedeva in iste epocha tenebrose: le honor national e le sentimento de vergonia. Durante le previe septimanas ille habeva habite le coragio a exprimer clarmente cosas que le alteres a pena osava susurrar. Ergo, tal su postura recte characterisava su ultime representation official."                                      Edwin Linkomies
Post que ille era descendite in le tumba, echoava le Marcha de chassatores de Jean Sibelius.
JÄÄKÄRIMARSSI Omistettu Suomen jääkäreille, miehille, jotka taistelivat Suomelle vapauden 1918 ja puolustivat sitä 1939-1945. Syvä iskumme on, viha voittamaton, meill' armoa ei kotimaata. Koko onnemme kalpamme kärjessä on, ei rintamme heltyä saata. Sotahuutomme hurmaten maalle soi, mi katkovi kahleitansa: ei ennen uhkamme uupua voi kuin vapaa on Suomen kansa. Kun painui päät muun kansan, maan, me jääkärit uskoimme yhä. Oli rinnassa yö, tuhat tuskaa, vaan yks aatos ylpeä, pyhä: me nousemme kostona Kullervon - soma on sodan kohtalot koittaa. Satu uusi nyt Suomesta syntyvä on, se kasvaa, se ryntää, se voittaa.   Häme, Karjala, Vienan rannat ja maa, yks suuri on Suomen valta. Sen aatetta ei väkivoimat saa pois Pohjan taivahan alta. Sen leijonalippua jääkärien käsivarret jäntevät kantaa yli pauhun kenttien hurmeisten päin nousevan Suomen rantaa. Heikki Nurmio, 1917 elokuu, Riian rintama (Latvia) Jean Sibelius syksyllä 1917. Libau (Liepaja) Liettua.	MARCHA DE CHASSATORES Dedicate al Chassatores finlandese, al viros, qui 1918 combatteva pro Finlandia le libertate e defendava lo 1939-1945. Colpo nostre es pesante, odio invincibile, a nos ni mercede ni patria. Tote fortuna nostre in le puncto de gladio es, pectore nostre indulgenter non pote. Battalcrito nostre exhortante al nation sona, que su catenas seca: Non ante menacia nostre exhaurar pote, pois que libre es le nation finlandese. Durante que declinava le capites del nation, pais, nos Chassatores ancora habeva fide. Era nocte in pectore, mille angustias, sed un idea fer, sacre: nos insurge como le vengiantia de Kullervo - belle es destinos de guerra indurar. Fabula nove nunc ex Finlandia nasce, illo cresce, illo carga, illo triumpha. Tavastia, Carelia, plagias e terra de Viena, un grande es le potentia de Finlandia, fortias violente su idea ex sub le celo del Nordia expeller non pote. Su leonbandiera de Chassatores brachios tendinose porta supra le tonitro de campos sanguinose verso le plagia de Finlandia crescente. Heikki Nurmio, 1917 augusto, frontiera de Riga, Latvia Jean Sibelius, autumno 1917. Libau (Liepaja) Lituania. (Traduction a interlingua sin rimar: Allan Kiviaho)
Le Chassatores era patriotas finlandese qui iva a Germania durante le Prime Guerra Mundial pro acquirer inseniamento militar. Su scopo era a formar le truppo nucleal in le guerra de liberation pro Finlandia. Illes formava le 27e Battalion Regal de Chassatores Prussian (27. königliches preussisches Jägerbataillon, Kahdeskymmenesseitsemäs kuninkaallinen preussilainen jääkäripataljoona) e battaliava contra russos in Latvia. In 1918 le Chassatores retornava a Finlandia (Vaasa/Vasa). Le battalion era dispersate como officieros e subofficieros in le Armea Blanc durante le guerra de liberation. In le guerras 1939-45 le majoritate de generales e multe colonnellos del armea finlandese era ex-Chassatores. General Väinö Valve era le ultime Chassator e le commandante-in-chef del marina de guerra e defensa litoral durante nostre guerras. I56C. Conferimento del Premio de Carolo Magne 1955 in Aachen a Sir Winston Churchill. CK = Coudenhove-Kalergi, HB = Hendrik Brugmans, JM = Jean Monnet, KA = Konrad Adenauer, WC = Winston Churchill    Le Premio de Carolo Magne era conferite a conte Coudenhove-Kalergi in 1950, professor Hendrik Brugmans 1951, Alcide de Gasperi 1952, Jean Monnet 1953, Konrad Adenauer 1954, Paul Henri Spaak 1957 e Robert Schuman 1958. Omne iste personas era architectos del veniente Europa unite. Sed le relationes inter ille homines celebre era complicate.     Winston Churchill habeva supportate le idea paneuropee jam desde 1930 quando ille scribeva un articulo "Le Statos Unite de Europa" in Saturday Evening Post. Le 1943-03-21 ille pronunciava un oration sensational in radio al tote le mundo, in qual ille advocava Europa unite como le scopo in le politica postguerral. Le 1946-09-19 Churchill pronunciava un secunde oration sensational in qual ille supportava le idea paneuropee. Ille diceva: "Nos debe eriger un sorta del Statos Unite de Europa ... Mi damas e seniores, le Union Paneuropee ha facte multe pro iste scopo e iste union debe regratiar tanto multe le conte Coudenhove-Kalergi e le famose patriota e homine de stato Aristide Briand ... In iste senso io crita a vos: "Lassa Europa susciter!" Coudenhove-Kalergi incontrava personalmente Winston Churchill plure vices in Suissa e Anglaterra. Como surprisa a Coudenhove-Kalergi Winston Churchill e su filio affin, George Sandys, comenciava ager pro expulsion de C-K del movimento paneuropee. Churchill e Sandys fundava un "United-Europe-Committee", Churchill como presidente. Le motivos pro isto era partialmente politic internal sed forsan Churchill e Sandys etiam voleva usurpar tote le honor del Europa unite. Quando Coudenhove-Kalergi era de novo in America Churchill convocava un Congresso de Europa pro le 1948-05-07 a Haag. Curiosemente C-K non era invitate a iste congresso ante que ille habeva scripte a Churchill. C-K demandava que in le congresso on debeva presentar presso le nove bandiera europee (un "E" verde al fundo blanc) le bandiera paneuropee. Quando C-K arrivava a Haag ille constatava a su consternation que nulle bandieras de Union Paneuropee, que ille habeva inviate ab New York, era a vider. George Sandys manteneva que illos era "disparite" (ille trovava illos - miraculosemente - post le congresso). Totevia como resultato del activitates de C-K in 1949 era fundate le Consilio Europee in Strasbourg e post illo incontrava le tertie congresso del parlamentaricos europee in Venezia in le meraviliose Palazzo Vendramin Calergi. Interim habeva Churchill e Sandys conspirate contra C-K in le Statos Unite e succedite substituer le "American Committee for a Free and United Europe" de Coudenhove-Kalergi con lor "American United Europe Committee". In 1952 incontrava in Luxemburg le assemblea general del movimento europee. Coudenhove-Kalergi era nominate le presidente honorari del Movimento Europee con Adenauer, Churchill, de Gasperi, Robert Schuman e Spaak. Le disputo peculiar inter Coudenhove-Kalergi e Winston Churchill era terminate.     Jean Monnet, "le patre del Union Europee" (in iste caso on pote appellar conte Coudenhove-Kalergi como granpatre del Union Europee) habeva un vita le plus extravacante. Como un commerciante de cognac ex - Cognac - ille marchava in 1916 al presidente de Francia e offereva su servicios al cosa de Entente in le prime guerra mundial. Ille era appunctate de su proprie initiative le "imperator" del logistica de guerra de alliatos del west, un viro de 28 annos e sin education academic. Post le guerra ille era nominate i.a. un vice-secretario general del Liga de Nationes. In 1939 ille deveniva de novo - de su proprie initiativo - le "imperator" del logistica de alliantia del west in le Statos Unite, ubi ille deveniva un amico del presidente Roosevelt e su consiliero Harry Hopkins. Jean Monnet jocava un rolo decisive in fundation del ECSC (European Coal and Steel Community) / CECA (Communitate Europee de Carbon e Aciero), le prime phade del veniente Union Europee. Le memorias de Jean Monnet es le plus recommendabile. In le edition finnese Erkki Liikanen, un famose commissario del Union Europee, ha scripte un longe preambulo.     Interessante es le triumvirato de tres grande homines de stato Konrad Adenauer, Germania (Adenauer era un loyal paneuropeo e proxime amico de Coudenhove-Kalergi desde 1924), Alcide de Gasperi, Italia e Robert Schuman, Francia. Adenauer era cancellero federal de Germania, de Gasperi le prime ministro e ministro del exterior de Italia e Schuman un ministro del exterior de Francia. Omne iste personas era ardente democrates christian e fluente in germano proque Schuman veniva ex Lorraine/Lothringen e de Gasperi era nascite in Trentino, Austria e ille habeva essite membro del parlamento de Austria ancora ante Anschluss. Iste triumvirato era appellate "Le Nigres".     "Le Nigres" dava potentia politic al movimento europee. Monnet deveniva un phanatic advocator del Statos Unite de Europa e deveniva poco a poco displaciate del centro de gravitate politic. Ambe personas, Coudenhove-Kalergi e Jean Monnet, qui habeva travaliate tanto multe pro le Europa unite, era al fin plus o minus neutralisate per lor rivales ambitiose. Coudenhove-Kalergi da in su memorias laude complete a Jean Monnet. Curiosemente Jean Monnet non mentiona Coudenhave-Kalergi del toto in su memorias - an ille era un anima micre - post toto ...?     Totevia le grande meritos de Coudenhove-Kalergi e Jean Monnet ha essite appreciate, Coudenhove-Kalergi era le prime persona a qui era assignate le premio del Carolo Magne de Aachen (Jean Monnet era le quarte) e Jean Monnet era nominate "le prime citatano honorari de Europa". I67C. Ingvar Stenström scribeva in su Discurso al Conferentia International de interlingua, Paris 1987: "Post mi longe experientia io osa nunc mantener emphaticamente que pro explicar le Vocabulario International, presente in omne linguas occidental in frequentia variate, il non existe un instrumento o methodo melior que le studio de Interlingua. Le studio del latino ipse o del greco nos da tote altere renumerationes, valores cultural, sed non le claritate que nos attinge per Interlingua. (Textos classic non ha le vocabulos relevante, e le grammatica obscura a vices totalmente le vista de discipulos. Per Interlingua illes comprende!)"     Interlingua era inseniate etiam i.a. in un gymnasio in Copenhagen (prof. Hans Neerbek), in le gymnasio de Krupina, Czechoslovakia (prof. Julius Tomin), in Nässjö, Svedia (Dr. Carl-Erik Boman) e in Gdansk, Polonia (prof. Jerzy Malachowski).     Le practica ha provate que on pote attinger un certe nivello in interlingua in 25 % del tempore que es demandate pro attinger le mesme nivello in un lingua national. I68. The Encyclopedia AMERICANA. International Edition. 30 volumes. New York 1975. [Le mesme texto appare ancora in le edition del 1999: Encyclopedia Americana. International Edition. Volume 15. Grolier 1999. ISBN 0-7172-0131-7. p 279. Interlingua] INTERLINGUA, is the name for a system of international verbal communication. Interlingua has proved useful in various applications, particularly in scientific and medical communication, with the auxiliary function of providing research reports with summaries of virtually universal accessibility. (This sentence translates into Interlingua as "Interlingua se ha provate utile in varie applicationes, particularmente in communicationes scientific e medical, con le function auxiliari de provider reportos de recerca con summarios de un comprehensibilitate practicamente universal.")     Interlingua differs from other international languages in that its elaboration was prompted not simply by the desire to provide a universal language but essentially by the finding that such a language could utilize a number of the phenomena observed in linguistic research. These phenomena include the existence of an "international scientific vocabulary" and the close structural affinity of all the languages of Western civilization.     The international scientific vocabulary, for which B. Glove, as editor of Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, introduced the lexicographical label "ISV", consists almost entirely of words and word-building elements native to classical Greek and Latin. This vocabulary, therefore, is shared historically by the Romance and Teutonic languages as keepers and beneficiaries of the cultural and linguistic Greco-Latin tradition; and it has been made familiar to sophisticated speakers of all languages (including those outside the Greco-Latin orbit) through the spread of science and technology.     The structural affinity of the languages of Western civilization, which induced the American linguist Benjamin L. Whorf to coin the term "Standard Average European" (SAE), makes it possible to evolve from the ISV a full complement of operating particles (and other elements not directly represented in it), resulting in a full-fledged and "self-generating" vocabulary. This structural affinity also makes it possible to derive a system of grammatical principles that are natural and congenial to that vocabulary.     Aside from its practical contributions, Interlingua is of considerable theoretical interest to comparative linguistics. It also is useful in language teaching (as a standard or "bridge" language) and in aiding "developing" languages to create technical terminologies.     Interlingua is fully described in the Interlingua-English Dictionary and the Interlingua Grammar, first published in 1951 by the International Auxiliary Language Association (of New York) as the final products of a program of linguistic research begun in 1924. Interlingua is represented by an international organization (the Union Mundial pro Interlingua) and by associations in the Scandinavian countries, France, Britain, Switzerland, the United States, and elsewhere. See also UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE. ALEXANDER GODE Editor of "Interlingua-English Dictionary"     Further Reading: Gode Alexander and Blair Hugh E., Interlingua, A Grammar of the International Language, 2d ed. (New York 1956); Guerard Albert L., A Short History of the International Language Movement (New York 1922); Pei, Mario, One Language for the World (New York 1958). UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE or INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE, terms applied to ethnic languages, the use of which has spread beyond their natural limits; and also to artificial languages designed for international use in an auxiliar capacity.     The most important language of the first kind is Latin, which has prolonged its natural span of life over a thousand years by serving as a universal language to the world of learning throughout the Middle Ages and the Renaissance and, till this day, to the Roman Catholic Church. French has long been the international language of diplomacy; English has become that of trade. Hindustani is the common language in all parts of India. Hybrid, universal languages current among multilingual populations are lingua franca in the Levant, and pidgin English in the ports of the Far East.     Among the artificial universal languages were first thought of in the 17th century. Both Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and René Descartes held that construction of a labguage based on logic was possible. Several such schemes invented in the 18th and 19th centuries were systems of classical concepts with corresponding signs: numbers, letters or syllables.     The originators of the so-called a posteriori types of constructed languages proceeded to build their schemes by using available language material (concepts, words, and grammatical features) from different living languages. The first two languages of this type, Volapük and Esperanto achieved considerable initial success.     As a reaction to the artificial schematicism of these languages, a more natural approach to language construction became widespread among interlinguists. Some naturalists held that in the living languages there was ana bundance of cognate elements (words and grammatical features) of international currency, so that actually an international language potentially existed and only had to be discovered, not invented and constructed as the schematists had thought. In connection with this new movement, a whole series of languages came to existence. Ido (1907), Nov-Esperanto (1925), and Esperanto II (1942) appreared as revised forms of Esperanto; Idiom Neutral (1902) was a development of Volapük. New languages were: Mundolingua (by Julius Lott, 1890); Universal (by Dr. H. Molenaar, 1906); Latino Sine Flexione (frequently called Interlingua, 1903), evolved by the Italian mathematician Giuseppe Peano through a radical simplification of classical Latin; Occidental, worked out by Edgar de Wahl of Estonia (1925; it has since then won for itself a certain amount of recognition in Europe); Novial (1928), produced by the Danish philologist Otto Jespersen; and Interlingua (1951; not to be confused with the Interlingua devised by Peano), an American contribution to interlinguistics, which deserves special attention.     Interlingua. - In 1924 the International Auxiliary Language Association (IALA) was formed under the leadership and patronage of Mr. and Mrs. Hennen Morris of New York. Conferences of linguists and other communication specialists were oprganized in the United States and Europe. Taking counsel from the conferences, IALA embarked on its research program. Words forms occurring in English, Italian, French, Spanish, and Portuguese (with German and Russian consulted), grouped into word families, were etymologically traced back to the historically latest form from which they all had taken their derivation. Meanings were ascribed to these standardized international words after an equally thorough comparative study of the semantic situation in the mentioned source languages. The compiled vocabulary was published in 1951 as the Interlingua-English Dictionary. The grammar of Interlingua was worked out with the aim of achieving greatest regularity within the possibilities offered by the source languages.     The merits of Interlingua were first recognized by researcj scientists in the medical field. The Second World Congress of Cardiology, which took place in Washington, D.C., in September 1954, adopted Interlingua as a secondary language for the summaries of its official program. The foregoing sentence expressed in Interlingua reads:     Le Secunde Congresso Mundial de Cardiologia, que habeva loco in Washington, D.C., in septembre 1954, adoptava interlingua como lingua secondari del summarios in su programma official.     Interlingua summaries have since become a regular feature in the programs of a number of international medical congresses as well as in over 30 medical journals. The Journal of the American Medical Association, Chicago, Ill., being the most important with an international circulation of 25,000. The promotion of Interlingua in the field of science and medicine is handled by Science Service, Washington, D.C., at its New York Interlingua Division.     Bibliography. - Couturat,L., and leau,L., Histoire de la langue universelle (Paris 1907); Gurard, Albert L., A Short History of the International Language Movement (New York 1922); International Auxiliary Language Association, Interlingua-English; a Dictionary of the International Language and Interlingua; a Grammar ... (New York 1951); Gode, Alexander, "The Case for Interlingua," The Scientific Monthly (Washington D.C., August 1953); id., Interlingua a Prime Vista (New York 1954); id., "Interlingua: Tool of International Communication," Journal of Dental Medicine (New York 1956).                                                                                                                                   NICOLAI RABENECK,                                                                                 Linguist and Writer on European Nations and Cultures.

I70A.

Professor André Martinet como doctor h.c. al Universitate de Turku Ille era etiam un membro distinguite del UMI (Union Mundial pro Interlingua	TURUN YLIOPISTO UNIVERSITATE DE TURKU     50 ANNOS UNIVERSITAS TURKUENSIS 1970 era un anno jubilari del Universitate de Turku, Finlandia. Le universitate faceva 50 annos. Pro jubilar iste occasion era arrangiate le 1970-05-30 promotion doctoral, prime vice pro omne facultates del universitate. Iste die era etiam le 50e anniversario de Kalevala, le epos national de Finlandia.     Era promovite 23 doctores honoris causa. Un de illes era professor André Martinet, un linguista del fama mundial, qui habeva facte su carriera i.a. in le universitates de Columbia (Le Statos Unite) e Sorbonne (Francia).     Professor Martinet era le penultime director del recerca del IALA (International Auxiliar Language Association), le organisation que creava le INTERLINGUA durante 1924-1951.
Per le facultate de humaniora era promovite:     Fromm, Hans Walther Herbert. Nascite in 1919. Desde 1963 le proprie professor de philologia german e fennougristica al Universitate de München. Acte 1952-57 como lector de germano al Universitate de Turku.     Holm, Søren Peter. Nascite in 1901. Desde 1943 professor de theologia systematic al Universitate de Copenhagen.     Hubatsch, Karl Walther. Nascite in 1915. Professor de historia medieval e era nove al Universitate de Bonn.     Martinet, André. Nascite in 1908. Professor de linguistica general al Universitate de Sorbonne. Director de studios al Ecole des Hautes Etudes.     Papp, István. Nascite in 1901. Professor de hungaro al Universitate de Debrecen.     Rapola, Martti Olavi. Nascite in 1891. Professor emeritus de finnese al Universitate de Helsinki. Acte i.a. como professor de finnese e su linguas apparentate al Universitate de Turku in 1924-30.     Waltari, Mika. Nascite in 1908. Autor. Membro del Academia Finlandese 1954-.     von Wright, Georg Henrik. (1916-2003). Professor de philosophia al Universitate de Helsinki 1946-1961, professor de philosophia al Universitate de Cambridge 1948-51, membro del Academia Finlandese 1961-69 e su presidente 1968-69. Cancellero del Åbo Akademi (universitate svedophone in Turku).     öhmann, Emil. Nascite in 1894. Professor emeritus de philologia germanic al Universitate de Helsinki. Ille habeva acte i.a. como professor de linguas germanic al Universitate de Turku in 1924-44. Mika Waltari era un autor de fama mundial. E.g. su libro historic "Sinuhe - le egyptiano" era traducte a multe linguas e Hollywood faceva de illo un pelicula spectacular - si illo es tractate como merito ... Georg Henrik von Wright era un del plus famose philosophos finlandese. Al initio del acto de promotion professor Niitemaa pronunciava in latino: "Ego Teodor Vilhelm Niitemaa, ipse Doctor Philosophiae promotus, promotor legitime constitutus, ex decreto amplissimorum ordinum philosophorum Doctores Philosophiae honoris causa renuntio insignibusque huius dignitatis orno vos viros illustrissimos:" Per le faculteta de scientias social era promovite i.a.     Enckell, Carl Fredrik Ralph Alexander. Nascite in 1913. Plenipotentiario del ambassada permanente de Finlandia al OECD/OCDE (Organisation pro Cooperation e Developpamento Economic). In 1959- ille era le ambassador finlandese al Nationes Unite.     Su patre, Carl Johan Alexis Enckell jocava un importante rolo in le historia de Finlandia. Ille nasceva in 1876 in Sankt Peterburg, Russia e moriva in 1959 in Helsinki. Ille serviva como officiero in le armea imperial russe usque 1899. 1917 le secretario ministerial statal. Quando Finlandia habeva ganiate su independentia Enckell era nominate le prime ambassador a Russia. Presidente in negotiationes de pace inter Finlandia e Russia Sovietic in estate 1918 in Berlin. Ministro de affaires estranier in 1918-19, 1922, 1924 e 1944-50. Le representante general de Finlandia al conferentia de pace in Paris in 1919. Ambassador in Paris 1919-27. 1920-21 le presidente al Liga de Nationes durante le disputas super Ahvenanmaa (Alandia). Usque 1926 presidente del delegation finlandese a sessiones general del Liga de Nationes. Participava in aprilio 1944 con J.K. Paasikivi (postea presidente del Republica de Finlandia) a negotiationes de pace in Moskva (durante le guerra!). De novo in Moskva in septembre 1944 como chef del delegation finlandese. In le conferentia de pace in Paris 1946, signeva le tractato de pace pro Finlandia in 1947. Su carriera tangeva sovente lo de Hjalmar Procopé, le fundator del section finlandese del Union Paneuropee.
I70D. André Schild era inseniator al Bénédict-Schule in Basel, Suissa. Ille citava in su libro un pensata del grande philosopho german, Friedrich Nietzsche de 1876:     In irgend einer fernen Zukunft wird es eine neue Sprache, zuerst als Handelssprache, dann als Sprache des geistigen Verkehrs überhaupt für Alle geben, so gewiss als es einmal Luftschiffahrt gibt.     Quandocunque in le futuro distante va exister pro omnes un nove lingua, initialmente como lingua de mercantia, postea como un lingua del communication spiritual in general, tanto certo como il va exister traffico aeree. I71. Raritates bibliophilic Berger R. 1971-78 Collection pro Interlingua (Cata volumine es componite de folios independente con ricamente illustrate articulos, traductiones, etc.), Morges. C1 Anthologia de Interlingua, C2 Le arte in Interlingua, C3 Lecturas illustrate in Interlingua, C4 Pourqui Interlingua?, C5 Le problemas del lingua international, C6 Esperanto o Interlingua?, C7-C8 Historia del lingua international I-II, C9 Interlingua, die Weltsprache, C10 Interlingua, the international language, C11 Le solution final del interlinguistica, C12 Le arte del antequitate Berger R. 1960s-1980s Encyclopedia de Interlingua, Morges. E1 Le animales - aves, E2 Animales diverse, E3 Mammiferos, E4 Le botanica, E5 Le arte arabe, E6 Le arte in le ancian Egypto, E7 Le arte de Grecia, E8 Le arte del Imperio roman, E9 Le artes decorative, E10 Le arte de Nederland, E11 Religion e arte, E12 Castellos de Francia, E13 Espania, E14 Geographia - Italia, E15 Caricaturas, E16 Mores, E17 Le historia, (E18 es exhaurite), E19 Historia de Esperanto, E20 Historia de Occidental o Interlingue, E21 Historia e teoria de IDO, E22 Esperanto o Interlingua, E23 Musica, E24 Sagessa del nationes: Maximas, proverbios, aphorismos, E25 Le sculptura, E26 Vocabulario de Interlingua, E27 Picturas celebre, E28 Ecclesias de Francia, E29 Le mythologia, E30 Le arbores, E31 Autores celebre, E32 Le dansa trans le seculos, E33 Le expression de sentimentos, E34 Japon, E35 Navigation, E36 Monumentos de Swissia, E37 Artes - le portrait, E38 Legendas de omne paises, E39 Litteratura - contos e novellas, E40 Litteratura. I88. Thomas Breinstrup era nascite le 3 de octobre 1965 in Copenhagen, Danmark. Ille deveniva studente in linguas e musica 1983, educate como jornalista 1987 e redactor-in-chef de "Taastrup Avis" desde 1987. Plus tarde ille labora como jornalista al Berlingske Tidende, le jornal principal de Danmark.     Crescite in un familia de medico ille precocemente monstrava interesse e facultates pro linguas, le parola scribite e musica. 4 annos de etate ille legeva un jornal e 5 annos de etate ille comenciava in le schola. Poc annos ille se occupava con le piano, que ille non ha lassate postea. Mesmo si classicamente educate il es le jazz que le captura, concretemente demonstrate in le direction musical del orchestra de swing, "Pineapple", que durante plure annos ha musicate in le locos significative de Copenhagen, e ille es un multo demandante pianista de solo. Le ballast musical ille ha specialmente acquirite in le Gymnasio de Sancte Anna, le schola que dava nascentia al mundialmente famose Choro Copenhagese de Pueros e Homines.     Le interesse linguistic comenciava con le inseniamento de linguas estranier in le schola ma se diffundeva rapidemente ulteriormente, proque ille era capturate per le linguistica, e durante que le amicos colligeva timbros e aviones de modello, ille establiva un incredibilemente ample collection de dictionarios de linguas indoeuropee e lor dialectos, sovente comprate durante viages - e naturalmente formulante se in le lingua del pais in question.     Interlingua le colpava como maladia. Illo comenciava con un influenza in 1980, durante le qual materiales informative super interlingua camminava glissante inter le libros scholar, e alora illo deveniva chronic e passionate. Illo se ha evolvite in multe bandas e libros in interlingua a su mano, plures del quales hodie se trova in bibliothecas danese.     Le systema danese inseniatori scholar de anglese, germano, francese e latino ille allargava con le studio de espaniol e continuava con isto al Universitate de Copenhagen post le examine de studente, e studiava etiam serbocroato.     Le jornalistica comenciava in le annos juvenil per parve periodicos a familia e amicos. Illos deveniva jornales plus grande, e le culmination como jornalista amateur era attingite per le selection a discipulo honorari del schola a causa de su ben-scribite magazin scholar. Le interesse parallel pro films, specialmente le production de films de designos amimate, fundava le ver carriera jornalistic, quando ille post le examine de studente vadeva al jornal local con su machina a scriber sub le bracio e se offereva como non-pagate recensor de films.     Desde que Thomas pro le prime vice poneva su digitos sur le claviatura de un machina a scriber, illo habeva essite battite omne le horas eveliate del die con un autocomponite systema de duo digitos, que in velocitate superava omne avanatiate systemas de scriptura cec con dece digitos. In tres menses le jornal habeva vidite que ille era indispensabile e quasi un anno plus tarde ille era le jornalista significative del jornal e ille era nominate le redactor-in-chef de iste jornal.     Cognoscite inter interlinguistas ille ha devenite per su magazin "Heraldo de Interlingua", que ora post septe annos claude, solmente pro lassar a su redactor le carga de crear "Panorama".     Thomas es un persona ingagiate con un maniera ganiatori e un enorme capacitate de laborar insimul con un enthusiasmo colossal que arde pro interlingua. Le octave conferentia de interlingua in Paris a pena poterea haber prendite un plus juste selection pro le posto de redactor. [Panorama januario-februario 1988 · 1-me anno · numero 1] P91. In junio 1989 professor Július Tomin, Czechoslovakia, audiva in le interdicte Radio Europa Libere un intervista con dr. Otto von Habsburg super le problema del communication in le Paneuropa futur. von Habsburg proponeva que cata europeo debe maestrar le linguas del vicinos e le linguas mundial (ille parla mesme septe linguas). Sed le gente ha necessitate de dominar - ultra le lingua maternal - al maximo un o duo linguas pro communicar con le estranieros. Ora, Tomin exprimeva su opinion super iste problema e informava le super Interlingua. Le prime reaction de von Habsburg era sceptic. Sequeva un nove, plus detaliate lettera, in le qual Tomin presentava un texto de 7 lineas scripte in interlingua e addeva plure materiales. Nunc le responsa de von Habsburg era plus favorabile, on pote dicer positive. Ille scribe i.a.: "... per le phrase scripte in interlingua io conclude - il se tracta de catalano, que io ama, proque illo es si proxime al latino". I91. Professor P. Giovanni Blandino era appunctate per le Consilio del UMI su secunde membro distinguite pro su enorme labor pro Interlingua. In minus quam un anno ille publicava quatro libros theologic e philosophic, in toto plus de 1000 paginas, in interlingua. Al mesme tempore, Giovanni Blandino ha un reputation remarcabile in le mundo scientific. Ille nasceva in Roma in 1923, obteneva le licentia in philosophia e theologia al Pontificia Universitas Gregoriana, le doctorato in scientias biologic al Universitate Statal de Roma, le doctorato in theologia al Pontificia Universitas Lateranensis. Ora ille era professor de philosophia del cognoscentia e in le Pontificia Universitas Urbaniana. Ecce le libros in interlingua de prof. Blandino S.I. (Textos in interlingua con explicationes in francese, anglese, italiano):     Philosophia del cognoscentia e del scientia. Breve lineas. Pontificia Universitas Laterensis - Pontificia Universitas Urbaniana-Coletti, Roma, 1990. 172 pp.     Questiones ulterior de philosophia del cognoscentia e del scientia. Pontificia Universitas Urbaniana. Servicio de Libros U.M.I., Roma 1991. 276 pp.     Le existentia de Deo e le immortalitate del anima. Lineas de philosophia del esser. Pontificia Universitas Laterensis - Pontificia Universitas Urbaniana-Coletti, Roma, 1990. 165 pp.     Questiones ulterior de philosophia del esser. Pontificia Universitas Urbaniana. Servicio de Libros U.M.I., Roma 1991. 375 pp.     Problemas de theologia catholic. Un recerca de synthese. Pontificia Universitas Laterensis - Pontificia Universitas Urbaniana-Coletti, Roma, 1990. 297 pp.     Un discussion sur le ethica del felicitate. 2e edition 1991. Servicio de Libros UMI. 115 pp. Coscriptores: Bernhard Häring (Professor de theologia moral in le Academia Alfonsiana, Roma), G. Morra (Professor in le Facultate de Scientias Politic in le Universitate Statal de Bologna) e Paolo Valori (Professor de philosophia moral in le Pontificia Universitate Gregoriana, Roma).     Le beltate genial del christianismo. Servicio de Libros UMI 1993. 40 pp.     Angelos e demonios, spiritismo. Servicio de Libros UMI, 1993. 43 pp. P95. Isto era le 75e anniversario del Universitate de Turku.     Le 1995-05-26 archiduce, dr. Otto von Habsburg pronunciava un discurso con titulo "Can small countries preserve their identity in tomorrow's Europe?". Le quantitate de audientia era tanto grande que on debeva cambiar le occasion a un plus grande sala. I97C. Un question interessante es an     le conte Coudenhove-Kalergi, le presidente del Union Paneuropee e     Dr. Stephen P. Duggan, le presidente del American Cooperative Committee of the Pan-European Union (in 1925- e de novo in 1940 quando Coudenhove-Kalergi habeva refugiate a New York) e le presidente del IALA - International Auxiliary Language Association - que creava Interlingua -     habeva correspondentia etiam re Interlingua. Correspondentia inter Coudenhove-Kalergi e Stephen P. Duggan esserea forsan trovabile etiam in le archivo del Union Paneuropee, que le GESTAPO e dr. Joseph Goebbels lassava apportar ab Vienna a Berlin in 1938, ab ubi le commissarios sovietic (probabilemente) transportava lo a Moskva in 1945.
P202. Edition facsimile del libro PANEUROPA de Coudenhove-Kalergi, version finnese de 1930, era publicate.
Archiduce Otto von Habsburg pronunciante un discurso con thema "Europe beyond frontiers - Old and new models." al Universitate de Turku. In pictura on vide le bandiera paneuropee que era apportate ab Vienna e que Otto e Walburga von Habsburg inaugurava pro le section finlandese del Union Paneuropee.	In le anno jubilari 2002 - le movimento paneuropee 80 annos e le Archiduce Otto von Habsburg 90 annos - in Finlandia era publicate un edition facsimile del version finnese (1930) del libro fundamental de Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi: PANEUROOPPA. Le libro, redigite per docente Eero Kuparinen, era presentate in le departemento de manuales del Bibliotheca Municipal de Turku. Le archiduce e presidente del Union Paneuropee International, dr. Otto von Habsburg e su filia archiduchessa dr. Walburga von Habsburg Douglas veniva a Turku pro celebrar le occasion. Archiduce von Habsburg ha scripte un capitulo al nove edition e ille personalmente signava multe exemplares del libro. Le nove edition era inaugurate in maio 2002 per Otto von Habsburg al Universitate de Turku - ubi ille ha essite promovite a doctor honoris causa in 1995. Otto von Habsburg etiam pronunciava un discurso super le futuro del Europa unite. Ecce le prefacio de Otto von Habsburg in le libro Paneurooppa, traducte a interlingua.
A lector finlandese Quando un studia le historia del tractatos de pace del ultime seculos on detege que il ha duo modos de facer pace que conduce a resultatos bastante differente. Nos sape que le congresso de Vienna al initio del 19e seculo, que habeva como scopo a poner fin al epocha del grande revolution de Francia e al epocha bellicose de Napoleon, era multo successose. Sed post 1914 nos ha mittite in tres guerras mundial - includente le si-nominate guerra frigide, que se resultava ex le politica dictate de Yalta. Le situation hodierne ja prova, que le plus remarcabile defia al nationes europee es a garantir un ordine pacibile in le mundo tempestuose.     Conte Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi comprendeva tosto post le tractatos de pace de Versailles, St. Germain, Trianon, Sèvres e Neuilly que era le question de clave de nostre futuro. Iste clarvidente juvene qui habeva crescite presso de frontiera de Bohemia e Bavaria, concipeva con previdentia ingeniose, a que iste tractatos vaderea conducer. Quando ille aspirava a salvar Europa, cuje valores human, essente un semi-japonese, ille appreciava - on ja vide le grande cosas optimemente ex distantia - ille percipeva, que le nationalistas dominante de su epocha non poteva perciper, que Europa poterea esser salvate solmente per unification. Illo era le idea central de su obra Paneurooppa e de movimento paneuropee que nasceva al fundo de illo.     Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi poteva crear un movimento, que era supportate per le optime cerebres politic de su epocha. Ille quasi attingeva su scopo. Sed in le ultime momento vetule fortias nationalistic ganiava suprematia super le duces del epocha, que portava a nos como plaga le hitlerismo, le secunde guerra mundial e a quasi medie de Europa etiam un occupation sovietic con omne ille consequentias tragic que illo causava a plure nationes.     Le renascentia del ideal europee post le secunde guerra mundial era consequentia de illo que homines de stato como Winston Churchill e Charles de Gaulle cognosceva Coudenhove e habeva lecte su scripturas. Le renascentia del ideal europee prova etiam correcte le enunciation de dr. Heinrich Aigner, un del plus bon pensatores politic durante le guerra frigide: "Le idea paneuropee es le sol realistic programma del pace de nostre epocha".     Hodie le situation mundial es de novo multo periculose, como le tragedia del oriente proxime e le turbulentias in Africa prova. Iste omne influentia directemente a tote le Europa, a dicer nihil de Europa del sudest ubi le situation es instabile. Successo partial in viage de unification ha lassate ancora multe a facer. Le ultime incidentes ha de plus provate, que etiam perturbationes local pote conducer a un grande catastropho, si mesuras pro le garantia de pace son insufficiente. Tal il es natural, que post le fallimento de recente aspirationes plus e plus plure pensatores de novo tene lo sape a prender le consilios, que personas como Coudenhove-Kalergi ha presentate, personas qui ha comprendite le principios fundamental de un politica realistic de pace. Ita le obra Paneuropa que era scripte ante 80 annos, es de novo in grande valor. Illo monstra, que nos deberea facer. In su tempore on non poteva audir le consilios de iste propheta altruista, illo conduceva nos a perditas pesate de vitas human e a destruction multo nimis plure valores de nostre cultura.     Assi il es importante, que Paneuropa, le libro de Coudenhove-Kalergi, es publicate in multe varie linguas, nunc post plus de 70 annos de novo etiam in finnese. Illo es specialmente importante proque Finlandia ha un bon reputation in Europa. Finlandia ha demonstrate le corage de su nation in le plus difficile circumstantias, sed illo ha etiam monstrate le abilitate de multes de su dignitarios politic e administrative.     Durante mi vinti annos como membro del Parlamento Europee io observava, que iste nation parve e diligente ha justo deservate su deferentia recente e que illo ha multe a offerer pro formation del futuro de Europa. Io vole augurar successo pro le nove reimpression finnese de iste obra maestral del conte Coudenhove-Kalergi. Illo monstra al lector le chances existente, sed etiam le facto, que Europa que es unite secundo le ideas de Coudenhove significa a Finlandia un brillante e ben deservate futuro in le Union Europee. Otto von Habsburg
Actualisate le 2009-04-16 Administrator de iste sito: -------------------------- Allan Kiviaho SILY - Suomen Interlinguayhdistys ry. FILF - Föreningen för Interlingua i Finland AFIL - Association Finlandese pro Interlingua