ramstegj

Gustaf John Ramstedt
BILIKTU BAKSHI - LE GRANDE INSENIATOR
Un biographia de un persona exceptional scribite per un persona remarcabile

BILIKTU BAKSHI. The Knowledgeable Teacher. G.J. RAMSTEDT's Career as a Scholar by Harry Halén Harry Halén, le autor extraordinari de un biographia magnific super Gustaf John Ramstedt

Gustaf John Ramstedt como esperantista. The enchantment of a universal language Armas Israel Zacheus Ramstedt como occidentalista (anti-esperantista)

Gustaf John Ramstedt in
le Corpo de Protection Gustaf Adrian Emanuel ("Manu") Ramstedt
in le Guarda Rubie

Tres generationes de Donners
(Otto 1835-1909, Kai 1888-1935 e Jörn 1933-) Gustaf John Ramstedt e Sadri Maksudi
Le Constitution Europee de 1951

BILIKTU BAKSHI
The Knowledgeable Teacher
G.J. Ramstedt's Career as a Scholar
BY
HARRY HALÉN

MÉMOIRES DE LA SOCIÉTÉ FINNO-OUGRIENNE
229 THE FINNO-UGRIAN SOCIETY
HELSINKI 1998
Vammalan Kirjapaino Oy, Vammala 1998.
371 p.
ISBN 952-5150-16-X (paperback)
ISBN 952-5150-17-8 (hardbound)
ISSN 0355-0230

IN COMMEMORATION OF THE 125TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH OF G.J. RAMSTEDT The writing of this book has been kindly supported by the Hilkka and L.A. Puntila Fund of the FINNISH CULTURAL FOUNDATION
Photo (per V.A. Rautell, Lahti):
Litteras scribite per G.J. Ramstedt in mongolese, Ramstedt ipse sede in equipamento oriental tenente un discurso in tibetano o mongolese.

Gustaf John Ramstedt (1873-1959) is one of the brightest stars in the history of Finnish learning. From an unfavourable background of poverty he was able to rise to the heights of scientific research. Supported and guided by Professor Otto Donner, the founder of the Finno-Ugrian Society, Ramstedt was introduced to the field of Altaic studies and sent on numerous expeditions to Mongolia, the Kalmuk lands, Caucasia, Chinese Turkestan and the borders of Afghanistan. Almost entirely due to his own field research and the reliable material he gathered he became the pioneer of comparative Altaic philology, virtually a new discipline. Almost immediately after being appointed professor extraordinarius he was sent to Japan to become the first charge d'affaires of the newly independent Finland. During his ten years in the Far East Ramstedt became interested in the origins of Korean. This little-studied field occupied him for the rest of his life even at the expense of projects which he had commenced earlier. This great humanist, poet, advocate of temperance, diplomat and scholar remains dear to all those who met him. The present work is intended as a short recapitulation of the main events of his multi-faceted life.

<<< Gustaf John Ramstedt como ambassador finlandese in Tokio (1919-1929). Photo S. Yoshikawa.

Harry Halén,
Le autor extraordinari de un biographia magnific super Gustaf John Ramstedt

<<< Harry Halén inveloppate in un tapete turc (photo: Mika Federley).
"Humanista del mondo" 7/2005 del Universitate de Helsinki
Harry Halén: Un orientalista exquisite
Janitor, portero e "seniora de parco (directrice del jocos in un jardin public - que es iste in interlingua?)". Preterea contabile, guardiano de pecunias, universal advisor telephonic, experto de computatores, un nettaturo, surveliante e consolator de infelices. Assi illustra le campo de activitates de un amanuense le ultime aborigine del Instituto del Linguas e Culturas de Asia e Africa in le Universitate de Helsinki, le amanuense Harry Halén, qui retirava se in pension in julio 2005.
Como puero in un schola primari ille trovava un jornal le qual contineva in articulo stupefacente de saltante studentes tibetan. Ille comenciava se occupar de cosas de iste angulo del mundo: linguas, religiones e altere cultura. "In 'Norssi' (Normaalilyseo - Lyceo Normal) on hamrava cata die in capites latino, sed io legeva como extra brancas etiam russo, grec e sanskrit, Harry memora." Quatre estates le juvene studente laborava como mesurator in le Officio forestal Thomé e ille circulava quasi omne portos finlandese. Ille passava longe periodos al bordo de naves turc e grec e apprendeva greco hodierne e turco. A un antiquariato ille trovava le grande dictionario de kalmuk de Ramstedt. "Un carriera horizontal comenciava: ex un commisso del porto a un commisso militar e al fin a commisso de instituto, un nette travalio al interior, del qual obra io ha essite occupate quasi 32 annos", Harry dice.
In 1964 Harry Halén comenciava studiar linguas altaic, sanskrit e indologia e lingua e litteratura russe. Ille se graduava in 1970 e in 1974 ille finiva examine del licenciato de philosophia. Desde 1974 Harry Halén laborava como amanuense al Instituto de linguas e culturas asiatic e african in le Universitate de Helsinki. Ille parla fluentemente cinque linguas sed ille ha examinate 20. Su carriera legendari ancora continua. Ille plana publicar un nove edition del grande obra "Across Asia from West to East 1906-1908" (1940) e promitte includer etiam interssante observationes e pensamentos de Paul Pelliot, un professor francese, que era omittite in le edition original. Iste obra tracta le famose cavalcada scientific e de spionage trans China e Tibet (3 annos e 10 000 kilometros) de colonnello (plus tarde marechal e presidente de Finlandia) Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim.

Gustaf John Ramstedt como esperantista

The enchantment of a universal language
(Biliktu Bakshi, p 14-17)
The triumphal march of Esperanto began in 1887 with the publication of a booklet by L. L. Zamenhof. It is said that Ramstedt learned this language in 1891, or at the latest in 1892, as a 19 year-old student and was one of the first students in Finland to do so. However, his diary dies not support this view. The first notes concerning this hobby are in fact dated not earlier than January 21, 1895. That day he purchased an Esperanto textbook and began to study it in order to write his Lic.Phil. thesis (at that time the equivalent of a Ph.D.) in this language. He was confident he could do it on condition that the Esperanto vocabulary was large and expressive enough. After a few days he had translated pastor Elis Bergroth's temperance article entitled Ett litet ord i en stor fråga ("A Small Word in a Big Question") into Esperanto. Ramstedt attended the meetings of an Esperanto club sometimes even acting as its chairman, and he became more and more enthusiastic about this. His primary studies were often set aside as he concentrated on Esperanto or poetical composition. Rolf Nordenstreng (Rolf Harald Nordenstreng, born 1878, matriculated in 1895, Läroverket för gossar och flickor, Helsinki), took his M.A. in 1899 and Lic.Phil. in 1905, Uppsala. Swedish citizen 1909. Lectruer at workers' institutes, philologist, historian) lent him some special literature. He even decided to enter his verses for a prize eompetition of his student organisation, if only he eould find the time. When discussing the world language with Dr Reuter, the Indologist did not say anything.
Through his membership (N:o 3604) of the International Esperanto Union Ramstedt became involved in a lively correspondenee. He met in passing with Russian Esperantists, and as Zamenhof began to publish address lists of members, contaet letters could turn up from anywhere.
Ramstedt's first contacts are of particular interest, as he seems to have played a rather significant role among the Esperantists of the early period. In 1896 he received a letter from Odessa written by the Esperanto pioneer V. Gernet in the capacity of editor of Lingvo Internacia, an Esperantist journal published in Uppsala. He said information about Ramstedt's speech would appear in the following issue. The current grower Gernet had once been arrested and even discharged from the university. The censors shadowed him constantly because of his active foreign contacts. In 1897 A. Zinovyev from Poltava proposed that Ramstedt should piece together an elementary Esperanto-Finnish "word-root list" for Zinovyev to publish. How much would it cost to print 1000-1500 copies? The stamp dealer from Paris Andre Ralle (N:o 3819) asked Ramstedt to find him a stamp collecting penfriend from among his lyceum pupils. Also Robert J. J. Peltier (N:o 3824), a pupil at the Nantes Lyceum, asked him to find philatelist penfriends. The rabbi and private tutor Aaron Fridyev (N:o 3969) from Omsk had studied medicine at the University of Tomsk. He said he knew Siberia and the Urals well and also the Akmolinsk and Semipalatinsk steppes and sought contacts. At the recommendation of V. Gernet and Rolf Nordenstreng the Odessan Jewish bookkeeper and Esperanto poet Abram Kofman asked Ramstedt to contribute to a planned collection of poems entitled Vocoj de popoloj ("Voices of Peoples") for which he needed samples of Finnish, Estonian, Swedish, Hungarian, Mordvin and Japanese -"languages which Ramstedt to my knowledge is familiar with."
Kofman, a close friend of Zamenhof, had translated the Iliad into Esperanto, although later he turned to reformed Esperanto, then to Ido and finally to Occidental. As an enthusiast of poetry Ramstedt soon explored for himself the possibilities presented by Esperanto. A notebook with his translations from the year 1897 still exists. The Finnish veteran in this field, Vilho Setälä, says that they are evidence of a masterly command of Esperanto.
In the autumn of 1897 Zamenhof sent a reply from Grodno regarding Ramstedt's request concerning the compilation of a dictionary. The idea was good naturally, but how could it be financed? Could not Ramstedt himself bear the costs? The lack of financial resources appears to have troubled the brave ophtalmologist Zamenhof more generally, since he complained that Ramstedt had sent him a Finnish postcard instead of a Russian one, obliging him to pay a surcharge of 14 kopeks.
In his artiele "L. Zamenhof and Esperanto" Ramstedt puts forward the opinion that the inconsistent diversity of conjugation and declension of the Indo-European languages is their greatest drawback and one of the reasons for their rapid change. Concerning regularity, at least as suggested by the principles of psychology, they fall far behind the agglutinating languages. A typical representative of the latter is Turkish, which has the notable advantage of an invariable stem, regular stress and an explicit correspondence between endings and meanings. The agglutination of endings based on an invariable stem is an ideal state for a language. It makes the language a simple and easily manageable machine, with each part having its established function. In normal circumstances the variety of suffixes is rather limited. It is towards precisely this ideal that inventors of artificial languages have instinctively strived, be the language Volapük, Idiom, Neutral, Esperanto, or Ido. That is why all of these languages are agglutinative and, because of this regularity, easy to learn.
Proceeding on to examine the pronunciation and word structure of Esperanto, Ramstedt takes up the question of why different languages tend to change as they do. He concludes by stressing the idealistic nature of advocating an international auxiliary language. In the midst of the difficulties of mankind it can bring peoples eloser to each other and lessen national tensions. It depends upon the advocates themselves whether this intemational language is going to be Esperanto, or perhaps some other.
Louis Couturat, treasurer of an organisation in Paris called Delegation pour l'adoption d'une langue auxiliaire internationale, had, in April l903, at the recommendation of N.P. Yevstifeyev asked Ramstedt, the renowned friend of international languages, to spread the ideology among his colleagues and get subscribers for the journal. Wladimir Gustafsson, professor of Latin, was already backing the campaign, it was said. Couturat himself, professor of philosophy, logician and mathematician, had written a work entitled Histoire de la langue universelle presenting the universal language. His idea was to get a dozen well-known philologists form a committee for the advancement of an international auxiliary language ("Delegitaro por alpreno de lingvo helpa internacia"). This committee soon began proposing changes in Esperanto. Zamenhof did not like that, but as a result Ido was born - even Couturat became a proponent of it sometime in 1904 or 1905. However, in 1907 the Esperanto Society of Finland was established and Ramstedt cooperated with its protagonists Vilho Setälä and Hugo Salokannel.
By chance Ramstedt's youngest brother Armas became an enthusiastic supporter of Occidental (Interlingue) - a language developed by the German teacher Edgar de Wahl from Tallinn,
who published a work in 1922 that had taken thirty years to complete. First Armas had acclaimed Ido as the perfect solution. He considered it neutral, international, easy to learn, regular, precise, natural and sonorous. In its predecessors he found grammatical faults and other drawbacks as well as artificially created word-formations. Sure, Zamenhof had tried to remove the grammatical irregularities, but, in Armas's opinion, generally known cultural terms with their newly invented suffixes turned them into mere caricatures. Esperanto was a product of imagination with familiar words clad in strange mantles. The "unnatural Volapük," in turn, was too difficult to learn. So Armas ended up advocating Interlingue based on a common vocabulary from the great western cultural languages and which leant upon simplified Latin. It even gained the victory over Ido.
See A.Z. Ramstedt's writings:
- Världsspråkstanken. åbo 1925
- "Occidental - ett västerländskt kulturspråk." Societé Interlinguistic. Publication N:o 1. Helsingfors 1927 (8 pp.)
- "The psychological and sociological character of languages." Cosmoglotta 39-40, 1927 (= Document N:o 165A by the Institute Occidental. 2nd ed., London 1948).

Lege plus!

Japanese Esperantists
(Biliktu Bakshi, p 257-260)
The Esperantists in the Japanese diplomatic corps look to Ramstedt by giving him their special cafe and involving him in their activities. He was offered lots of opportunities to deliver lectures about his homeland to interested audiences. Esperanta Finlando, a journal published in Finland, was popular reading there. He got acquainted with the international peace movement of Esperantists - as an anti-war organisation it also interested the police - through young Susumu Aibara. Aibara worked at the Japanese Association of the League of Nations. Ramstedt became a member and rose to be chairman of its foreign section. It included more than ten members from the diplomatic corps. The secretaryship was in the hands of a certain pastor Bowles, a Canadian missionary and ardent pacifist. However, both this ideology and Esperantists in general had sworn opponents who considered such internationalism a threat to the national culture. Although the Governor of Shizuoka prefecture was notorious for his swimming against the current, Ramstedt decided to carry out a lecture tour in the prefecture just to see what would happen. No interference occurred either then or even later.
In October, 1920, Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun published a summary of a lecture Ramstedt had delivered some months earlier at the Japanese Esperanto Association on "The Land of a Thousand Lakes," Esperanto enthusiasts also had regularly opportunities to listen to his interesting discourses on Finland's history and way of life.
Ramstedt attended the annual general meeting of Japanese Esperantists in October, 1921, as a honorary guest. Numerous local branches invited him to be their guest speaker and he tried to fulfil everyone's expectations to the best of his ability.
The international Esperanto brotherhood turned to him even concerning quite unexpected matters. The well-known Esperantist Ivan Krestanov, lecturer in languages and secretary at the Bulgarian Consulale in Dresden needed Ramstedt's help in the summer of 1923 in order to trace the whereabouts of the Yokohama commercial corporation established by Japanese Esperantists and the chief representative of Universala Esperanto-Asocion in order to demand payment for rose Gil and some books.
The World Conference of Esperantists was supposed to be held in Helsinki in August, 1922. Vilho Setälä invited Ramstedt to act as chairman, because a University professor and Charge d'affaires would add glamour to the subject in the eyes of foreign participants. However, he had to refuse because he could not afford such a long journey there and back at his own expense. In addition, although it would have been nice, there would be some difficulty, because he knew well that his fluency in Esperanto was not faultless and he thought it would be embarrassing if the chairman's command of the language was not good enough for conducting meetings properly.
Japanese Esperantists turned to Ramstedt for advice on various occasions even as late as the 1930's and 1940's. Public lectures and articles as well as translations of poetry in the Japanese Esperantists' journals inevitably led many scholars and amateurs to ask for help in such matters as, for instance, the affinity hypothesis and the Turanian ideology or folklore and literature. Some of them were penniless enthusiasts of the usual kind.
A friend of Morizo Ga, Kikunobu Matsuba, sent a felicitation letter in honour of Ramstedt's 60th birthday from Yokosuka: "You might not remember me, but you will certainly find a picture of me in your album where we are together." Also many other Esperantists both from Finland and abroad sent their greetings. Matsuba was still writing long letters to him 15 years later.
In 1936, Masami Igarashi announced that he wanted to learn Finnish and study and translate Finnish folklore into Japanese, as the idea of making the world of Kalevala known in Japan fascinated him. He had got hold of the old English version by W. F. Kirby and also familiarised himself with the German and Swedish translations. In order to do justice to the original, he wanted to obtain a copy in Finnish, too. As it was no easy task to find one in the Far East, he needed help. Igarashi was an indigent student of languages specialising in Ainu.
The first to translate Kalevala into Japanese was the musicologist Kakutan Morimoto, an admirer of Jean Sibelius. Although the mythology of Kalevala, inherent in Sibelius' emotional symphonic poems, had inspired Morimoto to tackle Kirby's translation and with its help to render the stanzas into Japanese, the publishers demanded considerable guarantees tor such an uncertain project. In 1935, the jubilee year of Kalevala, the Finnish Foreign Ministry allocated the required sum. At the request of Morimoto, G.J. Ramstedt and ambassador Hugo Valvanne wrote the preface tor it.
When the translation came off the presses in 1937, Baron Takaharu Mitsui, vice president of the Japanese-Finnish Association, gave a dinner for the academic community, writers, artists, etc., in Tokyo on the first of June. In his dinner address he saw Kalevala as a bridge "along which the peoples of Japan and Finland, resembling one another in their traditions and way of thinking, could approach each other." Tadao Watanabe gave an account of the contents of the epic and its influence on literature and art in Finland and other countries.
Takao Yamada, who later became an engineer, wrote in 1941 that he was interested in folk poetry, especially the similarities between Finnish and Japanese folklore, which in his opinion are based on a common Ural-Altaic family of languages. He enumerated those books on the Finnish national sciences he desired tor study and said he wished to join the association of Finnish folklorists. The topics of the questions Yamada asked were somewhat surprising, ie., the alleged practice of couvade in Finland, roasting on stones (ishiyaki) and the so-called unauspicious years in human life (yakudoshi).
Naokazu Kawasaki, for his part, had attended Ramstedt's eulogy of Esperanto in April, 1925, in Osaka as a young student. A quarter of a century later he was professor of linguistics and member of the Esperanto Academy of Japan. He thanked Ramstedt tor treatises on the Korean language and asked him to send the enclosed letter from his colleague Abematsu, a teacher of Mongolian, to the University of Ulaanbaatar in the hope of obtaining local publications.
There were also many travellers in transit, who in the Esperantist manner relied on collegial assistance in Helsinki. S. Aoi, M.D., intended to come in the summer of 1936 leading a team of sportsmen, to train for a month before participating in the Olympic Games in Berlin. He was looking for support to get Esperanto recognised as the official language of the Olympics and intemational conferences.
Professor Hiedo Yagi, head of the gynaecological department of the Okayama Mecical Institute and a devout friend of Finland, spent some unforgettable days in Helsinki in the summer of 1937. He published a letter from Ramstedt in the Esperantist journal Revuo Orienta in 1949, which he thought would enhance the mutual friendly relationship between the two countries.
The legacy of G.J. Ramstedt
(Biliktu Bakshi, p 331)
The uneasy alliance of science and politics might lead to interpretations distorting even great achievements. Ramstedt seems to have been somewhat unpopular in te Soviet Union. One need not look far, because the reasons are obvious: membership of the civil guard and the Young Finns, sympathiser with Japanese interests during his diplomatic career, activist in the Prometheus Club, contacts with the Turanists, fraternising with Sadri Maksudi, the toppled bourgeois president of the Volga Tatars, and with Nicholas Poppe, who was accused of collaboration with the Germans, Esperanto internationalism, etc.
Publications of G.J. Ramstedt
(Biliktu Bakshi, p 350-351)
Finna lingvo. [Transl. by Vilho setälä.] Esperanto ein Kulturfaktor. Festschrift zum 8. deutschen Esperantokongress. Stuttgart 1913, p 94.
J.L. Runeberg. "La knabo de vilago" & "La venko de la noblo". Finna Esperantisto 1914.
"Kanto de pafisto". Vortoj de kolonelo Aarne Sihvo, muziko de lia frato E. Sihvo. Esperanta Finnlando 1918:12, p 29.
E. v. Qvanten, "Kanto de Suomi"; Z. Topelius, "Marso de la finna kavalerio en la 30-jara milito"; (B. Björnson) O. Vuorinen, "Finna lando"; Y. Koskinen, "Inter pinegoj"; J. H. Erkko, "La blua lago"; A. B. Roos, "Ho, Dio estu via bella"; popola kanto "Unu rozo rozo kreskadis". Kongresa libro: okaze de la 5a kongreso de Finnlandaj esperantistoj en Helsingforso la 19-21 de aprilo 1919. Helsingfors 1919.
J. L. Runeberg, "Knabino de servutbieno" (s. 12-13); Paavo Cajander, "Himno al patrolando" (s. 131); Eino Leino, "Legendo" (s. 187). Esperanta Finnlando 1920. (Leino also in: Malgranda Revuo 4:1, 1948, 11-12.)
J. L. Runeberg, "Nia lando"; V.A. Koskenniemi, "Marso de mortintoj".Esperanta Finnlando 1921.
J. H. Erkko, "Kanto de Häme"; P.J. Hannikainen, "Kanto de Kareloj"; Eino Leino, "Matena kanto"; Z. Topelius, "Somertago en Kangasala" & "La lago Inari" & "Marso sur Balkano"; N. Järvinen, "Kien sencese"; J. J. Wecksell, "Ne tre lange dauras tago"; E. Bögh, "La sonoriloj de la monahejo"; "Vento kurbigis la blankajn betulojn"; "Knabaco malinda"; "Vi kreskis hela junulin"; "Tien trans arbar"; "Mi ja intencis sola vivi"; "Talapakan Nikolao"; "Suno de somervespero"; "En boato sur la akvo"; "Bonan bonvesperon"; "Frue matene"; "Elflugis ghojo"; "Kukolo kantas"; "Kiam mi la hejmon forlasis"; "La folioj de verda tremolo". Sonu, kanto, sonu! Esperantistaj kantoj. Helsinki 1945. 48 p.

Gustaf John Ramstedt in suojeluskunta
Le parola finnese "suojeluskunta" es ben traductabile a svedese (skyddskår) e germano (Schutzkorps), le traduction in anglese (Civil Guard) es minus exacte, proque durante le guerras 1939-44 le suojeluskunta era un parte integral del fortias de defensa finlandese e le soldatos trainate per iste organisation era plus soldatos de elite quam auxiliar. In interlingua litteralmente Protection-corpo", forsan le "Corpo de protection".
Post le revolutiones in Russia in 1917 mesmo in Finlandia prevaleva plus e plus un stato de anarchia. Pro mantener ordine e securitate general in Finlandia era create durante le autumno 1917 e particularmente al initio de 1918 ex voluntarios unitates de suojeluskunta. In januario 1918 le senato finlandese (Finlandia habeva essite formalmente independente desde le 6e decembre 1917 sed le pais era ancora occupate per armea e marina de guerra russe) declarava le unitates de suojeluskunta a truppas official del governamento e illos formava le major parte del armea blanc usque le medie del aprilio 1918.
Le 27 januario 1918 comenciava le guerra de liberation contra le armea russe que occupava Finlandia. Le truppas russe era jam seriemente demoralisate e in general illes non offereva multo resistantia. Sed infortunamente le socialistas qui habeva create guardas rubie revoltava. Sequeva un guerra civil que durava 3 menses e era multo sanguinose. Le rubies occupava tote le Finlandia del sud e le armea rubie era plus numerose quam illo del armea blanc. Sed le vaste majoritate de officieros educate (in le armea russe e in particular in Germania in le 27e battalion de chassatores regal prusse, que habeva participate in battalias contra le armea russe in le prime guerra mundial al fronte ante Riga in Latvia).
Le armea blanc era assistite per officieros e voluntarios svedese e super toto per Germania que inviava a Finlandia un division (le "Ostsee-Division") commandate per general Rüdiger von der Goltz, qui commandava post le prime guerra mundial truppas german in operationes in Baltico contra bolchevikos russe e truppas rubie local. Le bolchevikos russe assisteva le armea rubie con armas e alicun unitates e officieros russe, super toto colonnello Mihail Svecznikov, dirigeva le operationes de rubies como consilieros. Quando le guerra de liberation finiva, le armea blanc consisteva ancora de 11 regimentos de suojeluskunta.
In 1927 le suojeluskunta era declarate como parte integral del fortias de defensa finlandese e durante le guerras 1939-45 le suojeluskunta era responsabile i.a. del mobilisation del armea.
Post le secunde guerra mundial le suojeluskunta era suspendite como un organisation "fascista" per demanda del commission del controlo del Union Sovietic (e, formalmente, Grande Britannia).

Gustaf John Ramstedt era probabilemente plus un pacifista quam un militarista, sed totevia ille se jungeva como membro n:o 113 al Compania Libere de Sauvo. In pictura GJR es le chef del stato major del Corpo de voluntarios del vicinitate de Salo.

Le blancos habeva comenciate se organisar como unitate del suojeluskunta in Kemiö/Kimito (previe dominio feudal de Axel Oxenstjerna, le potente cancellero del Regno svedese in le 17e seculo). Lor commandantes era capitano E. Pohjavuori e ingeniero Frithiof Lönnqvist, qui moveva a Sauvo pro diriger le guarda blanc local. Un parte de illes era inviate a Salo pro assister truppas que battaliava illac.
In aprilio 1918 G.J. Ramstedt era a Somero como le chef del stato major del fortias mobile de fronte de Salo, cuje commandante era capitano Pohjavuori. Lor superior - como commandante del Corpo de voluntarios del archipelago e plure altere unitates in Finlandia del sudwest - era Carl August Ehrensvärd (pictura dextre), nascite in 1892 in Karlskrona, un conte svedese qui participava como voluntario al guerra de liberation in Finlandia. In le Guerra Hibernal 1939-40 ille veniva de novo a adjutar Finlandia, iste vice como chef del stato major del brigada de voluntarios svedese ("Svenska Frivilligkåren") que luctava al fronte de Salla contra le 9e armea sovietic [*]. In 1944-48 conte Ehrensvärd era le chef del stato major del fortias de defensa svedese e in 1948-57 le commandante del armea svedese. Como chef del stato major G.J. Ramstedt habeva multo travalio. Ille ha narrate de su carriera militar in un libretto "Salon seudun vapaajoukkojen muistolle" (Pro memoria a corpo de voluntarios del region de Salo).
- - -
[*] Le commandante de iste armea era general ("komdarm") Vasilij Ivanovicz Czujkov (pictura sinistre), postea le defensor legendari de Stalingrad e conquisitor de Berlin, post le guerra marechal del Union Sovietic.
Gustaf John Ramstedt narrava que su stato militar era bon e plen de responsibilitate. "Dece o assi membros del Guarda rubie era arrestate cata die e proprietates furate reveniva in carrettos". On se demanda si G.J. Ramstedt videva etiam arquebusadas. Multe personas - militar e civil - era arquebusate immediatemente in iste guerra cruel e sanguinose e e.g. in le campo de concentration de Tammisaari/Ekenäs 3000 rubies moriva (ca. 33 % de prisioneros) in 1918, multes per arquebusada sed le majoritate per fame e maladias.
Un de incarceratos era Gustaf Adrian Emanuel ("Manu") Ramstedt (in pictura), le fratre de Gustaf John Ramstedt. Fragmento ex le biographia de Harry Halén: "Le fratre de John, Manu, qui era octo annos junior, scribeva un lettera ex le campo de prisioneros le 18 maio 1918. Ille habeva essite active in functiones numerose in le Guarda rubie, un membro del Association de obreros de Mynämäki etc., sed ille nunquam habeva pronunciate orationes.
Manu desirava que su senior fratre veniva a incontrar le e disintricar le cosa proque il pareva que John habeva nimis multe confidentia al reporto del stato major a Mietoinen. Manu ipse se considerava essente innocente e capro espiatori pro inimicitates inter le fermeros de Mietoinen. Ille habeva in tote su vita luctate in paupertate. Justo quando il pareva que su medios de subsistentia comenciava meliorar un poco, ille habeva essite separate de su familia e infantes pro un tempore indefinite. Un del infantes habeva morite de fame. Ille ipse era etiam in un multo mal condition a causa de malnutrition. Ille era multo affamate, su capite "natava", il habeva 18 personas in un parve camera e illes blasphemava e vociferava in un modo indescriptibile. Ille non poteva dormir in noctes. Omne humanitate pareva esser finite. Il era horribile vider quando su camaradas era transportate foras in noctes. Si Manu non poterea esser tosto liberate ille vaderea committer suicidio. - Poterea tu, mi fratre, liberar me pro redemption? John vadeva a vider su fratre in Turku le 26 May 1918.
Le historia, como Manu Ramstedt comenciate como activista in le movimento de obreros era primo detente in un campo de prisioneros, depost deveniva un membro del parlamento (1924-29), post que ille fugiva a Svedia proque ille era menaciate per le movimento ultradextra de Lapua, ubi ille finalmente deveniva un bastante ric fermero, es describite per un famose politico e autor Arvo "Poika" Tuominen [*] in un articulo Yksi kuuluisista Ramstedtin veljeksistä Ruotsia valloittamassa" ("Como uno del famose fratres Ramstedt conquereva Svedia"), Työväen Joululehti (Jornal Natal de Obreros) 1951, 16-18).
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[*] Arvo "Poika" Tuominen (1894-1981) es un grande figura in le historia politic de Finlandia. Ille era un fanatic communista, le secretario general del Partito communista de Finlandia 1926-28. Ille era imprisionate in Finlandia in 1918, 1922-26 e 1928-33. In 1933 ille moveva al Union Sovietic e ageva illac como le secretario general del Partito communista finlandese in exilio. Illo era etiam un vice-membro in le Presidio del KOMINTERN (cuje secretario general era Georgi Dimitrov, un grande communista bulgare) 1935-40. Ille moveva a Svedia in 1938 e retornava a Finlandia in 1955. Quando le Union Sovietic attaccava Finlandia in novembre 1939, Stalin offereva le le position como presidente in le governamento-marionetta de Finlandia ("Le Governamento de Terijoki"). Arvo Tuominen refusava, iste aggression sovietic rumpeva su illusiones e ille deveniva un ver patriato finlandese e un membro del parlamento in 1958-62 in le partito socialdemocrate. Ille ha scribite tres libros: (1) Sirpin ja vasaran tie ("Le via de falce e martello) 1956, (2) Kremlin kellot ("Le campanas de Kreml") 1956 e (3) Maan alla ja päällä ("Sub e super de terra") 1958.

Tres generationes de Donners
Otto Donner (1835-1909) era un famose linguista (ordinarius de sanscrito e linguistica comparative in le Universitate de Helsinki). Ille fundava le Association Finno-Ugric in 1883. Per su initiativo e supporto on inviava expeditiones scientific a Siberia e Mongolia pro colliger vetule scripturas intaliate, publication de quales eveliava grande publicitate international. Ille era 1877-1904 parlamentario e senator e etiam in directiones de plure grande interprisas commercial. Su patre Anders Donner (1796-1857) era un ric armator e mercator qui organisava durante le Guerra de Crimea un truppa voluntari de tiratores que le 7 julio 1854 a Kokkola repulsava un attacco de cannonieras anglese. Ille fundava in 1839 in Kokkola le prime schola pro parve infantes de Finlandia.
Karl (Kai) Reinhold Donner (1888-1935), un filio de Otto D., doctor de philosophia, era etiam un linguista, recercator de linguas samoyede, docento de linguas uralic in le Universitate de Helsinki desde 1914. Ille faceva in 1911-13 e 1914 expeditiones a samoyedes in Siberia. Le carriera politic de Kai Donner era un del plus stupefacente in le historia moderne de Finlandia.
   In 1914-18 ille era un de plus importante figuras in le preparationes de Finlandia pro guerra de liberation contra le Imperio Russe. Ille ageva durante le major parte del prime guerra mundial como membro del delegation finlandese in Stockholm e i.a. negotiava con stato major del armea imperial german in Berlin e al insula de Rügen pro armar le veniente armea de liberation finlandese i.a. con 100 000 fusiles russe que le armea german habeva capturate in varie battalias.
   In Finlandia libere ille deveniva un del plus influential personas politic, un "eminentia gris". Ille era appunctate como capitano (sin education militar?) al chef del guarda de frontiera finlandese-russe, quando on habeva alicun grave scaramucias inter le truppas finlandese e russe al frontiera ante Petrograd (Sankt Peterburg - Leningrad), i.a. un duello del artilleria superpesante inter le fortalessas Inö (finlandese) e Kronsztadt (russe).
   Como politico Kai Donner era ultraradical. Ille era un intime amico de general (postea marechal de Finlandia e presidente del republica - le populo finlandese eligeva le in 2005 con vaste majoritate como "le plus importante finlandese in le historia") Carl Gustaf Mannerheim. Ille pertineva i.a. al conspiration in 1919 que preparava un attacco contra Petrograd con un armea finlandese de 100 000 soldatos que haberea probabilemente significate le liquidation del bolchevismo. General Mannerheim negotiava plure vices in Helsinki con un famose general blanc russe Judenicz (e correspondeva con le amiral Kolczak). In iste conspiration general Mannerheim usava nom de guerre "Andersson" e Kai Donner illo de "Karlsson".
   Postea Kai Donner dedicava se al lucta contra communismo. Ille conspirava pro un coup d'etat fascista - o al minus semi-fascista - pro liquidation final del communismo in Finlandia. Illo culminava al "revolta de Mäntsälä" per movimento de Lapua in 1930. Vix le governamento finlandese succedeva submitter le rebellion practicamente sin sanguine e sin damnificar le suojeluskunta que supportava le rebellos, e le spirito martial de paisanos in Sud-Ostrobothnia - le ambes era desperatemente besoniate quando le Union Sovietic attaccava Finlandia in 1939.
Jörn (Johan) Donner (1933-). Filio de Kai Donner. Un autor, regisseur de cinema, politico etc., un persona multicultural multo famose in Finlandia e Svedia. Recentemente ille ha facite expeditiones a Siberia in impressiones de pedes de su patre, un orientalista remarcabile.

Le 27 de aprilio 1894 G.J. Ramstedt incontrava le prime vice professor Otto Donner, quando ille se registrava pro le examination final in le universitate, que ille compliva con optime notas. Desde 1893 Otto Donner voleva comenciar grande projectos pro studiar linguas e culturas de mongoles, populos turc e finno-ugric in le oriente. Post longe preparationes G.J. Ramstedt era seligite in 1897 pro expedition a Mongolia. Durante le anno academic 1897-98 G.J. Ramstedt studiava phonetica, estoniano e parolas estranier sub professor Emil Nestor Setälä (1864-1935), un fennista e patre de Vilho Suonio Setälä (1892-1985), le patre de esperanto in Finlandia, qui al funeral de Gustaf John Ramstedt declarava: "Le motto del defuncto "Palvelua on ikä kaikki" ("Servicio per tote le vita") ha essite seligite como le slogan del Instituto de Esperanto de Finlandia.
   Ille studiava etiam votyako, vepsiano, mordvino, ostyako, ethnographia e etiam lingua e litteratura russe. Le 10 maio 1898 ille participava al promotion in le facultate de philosophia e compliva su traduction de un piece dequatro partes ex sanskrit.
   Sequeva septe expeditiones durante 15 annos al oriente: 1898-1901 al longe de Volga e Mongolia, 1903 a kalmukes de Volga e al frontiera de Afghanistan, 1904 retro a kalmukes e a Caucasia, 1905 a Turkestan chinese e 1909 con Sakari Pälsi a Mongolia.
In le anno academic 1908-09 Gustaf John Ramstedt lecturava de mongolese scribite e philologia altaic, in le qual Kai Donner era le prime studente qui obteneva examination (approbatur) in iste branca. Multo plus tarde, quando Kai Donner voleva obtenir laudatur in su subjecto major pro su grado del licenciato de philosophia, le professor in finno-ugristica Yrjö Jooseppi Wichmann (1868-1932) non voleva conceder lo in philologia finno-ugric, proque ille considereva que samoyede non del toto pertineva a iste disciplina. Ille incoragiava su pupillo a prender su laudatur ex G.J. Ramstedt sed Kai Donner non consentiva proque ille considerava que le stato del samoyede era completemente clar. Finalmente in 1921 professor Wichmann recognosceva le grande meritos de Kai Donner in le branca samoyedic e ille obteneva su laudatur.
   Quando G.J. Ramstedt era in 1919-29 le charge de affaires de Finlandia in Tokio, ille habeva correspondentia con Kai Donner qui fortemente defendava le quando le parlamento finlandese voleva suspender le ambassada finlandese in Tokio como "non-necessari". In 1922 G.J. Ramstedt demandava Kai Donner a trovar proprie skis pro le imperator japonese ...
   Benque Kai Donner era bastante occupate per le alte politica radical-dextere, mesmo conspiratori, ille nonobstante continueva su carriera scientific. Ille e.g. visitava in 1925 in Copenhagen pro discuter un nove edition de ancian inscriptiones turc con professores Vilhelm Ludvig Peter Thomsen (1842-1927) e philologo danese Kurt Wulff (1881-1939).
   Quando G.J. Ramstedt retornava ab Japon a Finlandia, "su juvene amico Kai Donner" - como il sta in le biographia de Halén - habeva alludite in le jornal Uusi Suomi post su retorno ab Paris de un posto ordinarie como professor in le Universitate de Helsinki.
   In 1932 le familia de G.J. Ramstedt era colpate per un grande tragedia: Su filia Maidary qui habeva justo examinate ex gymnasio, moriva de epidemic tuberculosis pulmonari. Kai Donner inviava su condolencias ex vicine Ramnäs.
   Le ultime phrase de Kai Donner in le biographia de Harry Halén va: Linguistas del juvene generation besoniava le supporto de Ramstedt pro lor effortios. In le primavera de 1945 ille recommendeva Aulis J. Joki (professor e finno-ugrista, 1913-1989) al Fundation Cultural Finlandese pro un bursa a un recerca. Joki habeva etiam colligite material de prisioneros de guerra (samoyedes in le armea sovietic -- Allan K.) pro su dissertation doctoral (Die Lehnwörter des Sajansamojedischen, 1952). Ille habeva jam manifestate su talento per editation de Collectiones lexic de samoyedes de Kama de Kai Donner. Nunc ille habeva le supporto complete de Ramstedt, mesmo proque le obra habeva multo a facer con le linguas turc parlate proximo de Altai e con le sphera total de linguas altaic.

Gustaf John Ramstedt e Sadri Maksudi
Le Republica de Idel-Ural

Gustaf John Ramstedt
con tataros eminente
in Helsinki 1919
Ab sinistre:

Hassan Hairetdin Kanykoff (1880-1954), mercante
Gustaf John Ramstedt (1873-1959), in uniforme del suojeluskunta
Hasjan Husnetdinoff (1880-1948), mercante ex Lahti, Finlandia, instructor de Ramstedt in tataro
Sadri Maksudi (1879-1957), ex-presidente del Republica de Idel-Ural (Volga-Ural).

Gustaf John Ramstedt era un grande amico de nationalitates oriental, inter illos nationes turc, super toto le tataros. Un parve communitate de tataros ha habitate in Finlandia desde le 1880s e illes ha semper habite un bon reputation inter le finnos. Quando io veniva le prime vice a Helsinki in 1945 como un parve puero de 9 annos, on presentava me alicun botecas de tataros e diceva: "Illes son turcos, gente multo honeste ...!".
G.J. Ramstedt mesmo dava a su infantes nomines mongolese o turco-tatar:
• Tsetsek Kyllikki Ramstedt/Järnefelt (*1902),
• Elzete Oilyk Inkeri Ramstedt (*1906),
• Erdem Olavi Ramstedt (ab 1941 Raustila) (*1941), un diplomate e.g. in Europa del est,
• Maidary Ilona Margareta Ramstedt (*1914),
• Sedkil Aliisa/Alice Ramstedt (*1897).
In le biographia de Harry Halén:
Le transformation de Russia a un stato sovietic causava guttas ex interne de iste "oceano de populos" a Finlandia desde recente independente. Proque Lenin habeva proclamate pro fide in le derecto del populos a autonomia e mesmo separation ex le stato sovietic, le populos turc del region de Volga-Ural habeva actualmente tentayate etablir un lor proprie stato. Su governamento comenciava laborar le 19 januario 1918 sub direction de presidente Sadri Maksudi. Totevia, querelas inter differente orientationes politic exhauriva tanto tempore que ante que le constitution era complite le sovieticos applattava tote le plano de crear un nove stato. Iste projecto, que durava con difficultate solmente tres menses e sex dies, es usualmente nominate le Republica de "Idel-Ural" o "Volga Ural" in le litteratura.
Post que habite escappate in disguisamento con su companiones ab Russia sovietic a un direction secure, Sadri Maksudi arrivava a Finlandia como un invitato del local colonia volga-turc (Mishär). Al fin de 1918 un special celebration national era arrangiate a su honor al Hotel Seurahuone in Helsinki. Numerose personalitates prominente del vita cultural finlandese era invitate, e.g. G.J. Ramstedt, Yrjö Jahnsson, O. Tallgren e J.J. Mikkola con su sposa Maila Talvio. Maksudi pronunciava un oration in francese que abundava de phrases bombastic e ille refereva a Kalevala como "specimen del abilitate cultural del tribo ural-altaic". Ille etiam considerava le pais del nascentia de Kalevala como le cuna cultural del "poipulos que pertineva al tribo ural-altaic." Su intention real era a sollicitar sympathia e supporto pro su proprie objectivos politic. Maksudi era adressate como "Prince Maksoudoff". Al banchetto pro plus quam 130 personas arrangiate per Mikkolas ille sublineava le importantia de verification de libertate, fraternitate e equalitate in le era in le qual illes tunc viveva.
In januario 1919 Ramstedt startava benevolemente arrangiar affaires politic de Maksudi. Primo un visita a Carl Enckel, ministro de affaires estranier, postea a ministro Oskar Kallas (relativo a Siim Kallas, un commissario del Union Europee? -- Allan K.), representative de Estonia in Finlandia, ubi problemas diplomatic era discutite. Ramstedt etiam scribeva duo articulos in re le historia e le plus recente eventos inter le turcos de Volga: "Tatarien waiheet Wenäjän waltakunnan hajotessa. Tatarien presidentti kertoo" ("Vicissitudes del tataros quando Russia cadeva a fragmentos. Le presidente del tataros narra". Helsingin Sanomat 1919-03-11) e "Tatarien itsenäisyyspyrkimykset" ("Lucta de tataros pro le indepentia". Maailma 1919, p 501-508, 8 ill.). In addition, ille scribeva duo entratas in le encyclopedia national (Tietosanakirja) de politicas tatar e de tataros de Volga in general. In toto le prospectos non appareva bon. - - - Oskar Philipp Kallas Oskar Kallas Oskar Philipp Kallas Viron asiainhoitajana Suomessa 24.12.1918 - 9.10.1920 ja lähettiläänä 9.10.1920 - 21.4.1922 Syntynyt Kaarmalla 25.10.1868, opiskeli kielitiedettä Tarton yliopistosta vuoteen 1892, jatkoi opintojaan Helsingin yliopistossa, jossa väitteli tohtoriksi 1901. Avioitui Aino Krohnin kanssa 1900. Toimi opettajana Narvassa ja Pietarissa, dosenttina Pietarin yliopistossa 1901-03, oppikoulun opettajana ja lehtimiehenä Tartossa 1903-18, Viron edustajana Suomessa 1918-22 ja Iso-Britanniassa 1922-1934 (vuodesta 1923 myös Haagissa). Vietti Tallinnassa eläkepäiviään vuoteen 1944, jolloin pakeni Ruotsiin. Kuollut Tukholmassa 26.1.1946 ja tuhka haudattu Helsinkiin 19.2.1946.
In februario e martio 1919 Maksudi e Yusuf Akchura, un altere politico notabile, le imam Weli Ahmed Hakim del colonia islamic de Helsinki, turcologo Martti Räsänen, missionario Kalle Korhonen a vacation ex China e un previe pupillo de Ramstedt in altaistica, assyriologista e diplomat Harri Holma, Knut Tallqvist, professor de litteratura oriental, e numerose alteres reuniva a discuter e conferer multe themas e a audir novas. Mesmo Rudnev veniva ab Viborg pro duo septimanas. Le 4 martio illes visitava ministro Erkko.
Finalmente le 15 martio 1919 Maksudi partiva via Stockholm e Berlin a Paris in compania de ministro Carl Enckell, qui habeva essite appunctate le representative in chef de Finlandia al conferentia de pace de Versailles, que startava le 18 januario 1919. Le eminente refugiato tatar intendeva a appellar al grande potentias con un memorandum in le nomine de numerose populos turc in Russia interne e Siberia, que nunc revoltava contra le regime bolchevista. Nihil de contentos de memorandum de Maksudi appare essente cognite, mesmo non como e quando ille lo delivrava. Al fin ille se dedicava a studio historic al Bibliothèque National, habente ipse vidite le intrique al conferentia de pace e totalmente perdite su sperantia in un future politic successose pro su populo. In 1921 Maksudi de novo visitava Finlandia, iste vice pro incontrar su familia, que habeva escappate ex Russia sovietic post multe escapadas. In le autumno de 1925 ille se establiva in Turchia.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk faceva Ankara le capital de un nove Turchia e colligeva circum se viros capabile pro realisar reforma national. Sadri Maksudi (Arsal era su nomine de familia adoptate) etiam pertineva al creatores de cultura moderne turc. Post su appunctamento como professor de historia legal, ille ancora altere vice ingagiava se in politica e deveniva un membro de parlamento 1930-34. Le question de alte education in un pais que se developpava rapidemente faceva le a inviar un inquista concernente le organisation del university in octobre 1932. Le lettera contine 32 paragraphos de cosas administrative super le Universitate de Helsinki. Ille voleva un responsa de vetule amicos: Ramstedt, Mikkola e Tallgren. Le scopo era a colliger material pro un lectura super le organisation de un universitate finlandese. In decembre Ramstedt inviava un responsa detaliate de 21 paginas.
Post que Gustaf John Ramstedt era appunctate le charge de affaires finlandese in Tokio ille incontrava in Paris Sadri Maksudi, qui scribeva pro ille al Hotel Chateubriand un lettera de recommendation in turco pro le Levante.
Sadri Maksudi, Coudenhove-Kalergi, Le Union Paneuropee e le Constitution Europee de 1951

Actualisate le 2012-05-08

Administrator de iste sito:
--------------------------
Allan Kiviaho
SILY - Suomen Interlinguayhdistys ry.
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	BILIKTU BAKSHI. The Knowledgeable Teacher. G.J. RAMSTEDT's Career as a Scholar by Harry Halén		*Harry Halén, le autor extraordinari de un biographia magnific super Gustaf John Ramstedt*
	Gustaf John Ramstedt como esperantista. The enchantment of a universal language		Armas Israel Zacheus Ramstedt como occidentalista (anti-esperantista)
	Gustaf John Ramstedt in le Corpo de Protection		Gustaf Adrian Emanuel ("Manu") Ramstedt in le Guarda Rubie
	Tres generationes de Donners (Otto 1835-1909, Kai 1888-1935 e Jörn 1933-)		Gustaf John Ramstedt e Sadri Maksudi Le Constitution Europee de 1951


		BILIKTU BAKSHI The Knowledgeable Teacher G.J. Ramstedt's Career as a Scholar BY HARRY HALÉN MÉMOIRES DE LA SOCIÉTÉ FINNO-OUGRIENNE 229 THE FINNO-UGRIAN SOCIETY HELSINKI 1998 Vammalan Kirjapaino Oy, Vammala 1998. 371 p. ISBN 952-5150-16-X (paperback) ISBN 952-5150-17-8 (hardbound) ISSN 0355-0230 IN COMMEMORATION OF THE 125TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH OF G.J. RAMSTEDT The writing of this book has been kindly supported by the Hilkka and L.A. Puntila Fund of the FINNISH CULTURAL FOUNDATION Photo (per V.A. Rautell, Lahti): Litteras scribite per G.J. Ramstedt in mongolese, Ramstedt ipse sede in equipamento oriental tenente un discurso in tibetano o mongolese.